长难句第三周
Day1
长难句：Furthermore, it is obvious that the strength of a country’s economy is directly bound up with the efficiency of its agriculture and industry, and that this in turn rests upon the efforts of scientists and technologists of all kinds.
【句子主干】
it is obvious that the strength of a country’s economy is bound up with the efficiency, and that this rests upon the efforts.
【结构分析】
句子的框架是furthermore, it is obvious that…, and that …。这是典型的句型it + is + obvious + that clause。it 是形式主语，真正的主语是由连词and连接的两个并列的主语从句：a. that the strength is …bound with…; b. and that this … rests upon the efforts …。个主语从句中的词组be bound up with是“与…有关联”之意；在第二个主语从句中，代词this指代前文的the efficiency of its agriculture and industry，译为“效率的提高”。
【重点词汇】
agriculture–农业
bind–捆绑
【句子翻译】
再者，显而易见的是一个国家的经济实力与其工农业生产效率密切相关，而效率的提高则又有赖于各种科技人员的努力
【翻译练习】
中翻英：
1. 政府究竟是以减少对技术的经费投入来增加对纯理论科学的经费投入还是相反，这往往取决于把哪一方看作是驱动的力量。
2. 这些预测在多大程度上为后来的表现所证实，这取决于所采用信息的数量、可靠性和适宜性，以及解释这些信息的技能和才智。
英翻中：It is imagined by many that the operations of the common mind can be by no means compared with these processes, and that they have to be acquired by a sort of special training.
Day2
翻译答案：
1. Whether the government should increase the financing of pure science at the expense of technology or vice versa(反之) often depends on the issue of which is seen as the driving force.
2. How well the predictions will be validated by later performance depends upon the amount, reliability, and appropriateness of the information used and on the skill and wisdom with which it is interpreted.
许多人认为，普通人的思维活动根本无法与科学家的思维过程相比，认为这些思维过程必须经过某种专门训练才能掌握。
长难句：
Experts are debating whether we should burden young children with mental computation, or encourage the use of calculators to relieve children of hard work and free their minds to understand math concepts.
【句子主干】
Experts are debating whether we should burden young children or encourage the use of calculators and free their minds.
【结构分析】
句子的框架是experts are debating whether we should …, or encourage…。句子的主语部分是experts are debating …，而whether … or … 引导了宾语从句作谓语动词are debating的宾语。其中burden…with…是“使…背上负担”之意；在后半句or encourage the use of calculators to relieve children of hard work and free their minds to understand math concepts 中，两个并列的不定式短语to relieve … of …和to free…to understand …作目的状语。另外，词组relieve somebody of something指“减轻…”。
【重点词汇】
burden –负担
computation –计算
calculators–计算器
relieve–减轻
【句子翻译】
我们应该用心算来增加孩子们的负担，还是应该鼓励他们使用计算器来减轻其繁重的学习任务，使他们不再费神去理解（抽象的）数学概念，们对此尚未达成一致。
【翻译练习】
中翻英：
1. 因此，如果要使学生充分利用他们（上大学）的机会，就得为他们提供大量关于课程的更为详尽的信息，做更多的指导。这个问题显得越来越重要了。
2. 波音公司宣布放弃修建一种名叫“音速游艇”的新潮、高速飞机的计划，这一决定使近年来航空工程中最富想象力—还有人称纯属空想的计划落了空。
英翻中：A religious sect that contends that space travelers created the human race by cloning themselves declared Friday that the first cloned human had been born, but it offered few details and no evidence to support the claim.
Day3
翻译答案：
1. It therefore becomes more and more important that, if students are not to waste their opportunities, there will have to be much more detailed information about courses and more advice.
2. The announcement by Boeing that it has decided to scrap plans to build a futuristic, high-speed plane called the sonic cruiser brings an end to one of the most imaginative – and some say quixotic – projects in recent aerospace engineering.
一个宣称人类是由外星人克隆而成的邪教组织于星期五宣布个克隆人已出生，但它没有谈及过多细节，也没有提供任何证据。
长难句：
As brighter areas of the image eject more electrons than the darker or shaded portions, an electronic image is produced in which varying degrees of positive charge duplicate light intensities seen in the scene being pictured.
【句子主干】As brighter areas eject more electrons than the darker or shaded portions, an electronic image is produced.
【结构分析】
在这句的定语从句中，有现在分词作前置定语，及过去分词作后置定语，翻译成前置的定语词组会生涩拗口。因此，将从句与主句分开翻译，单独成句。
【重点词汇】
eject –发射
portion –部分
electron –电子
varying-变化的
duplicate-复制
【句子翻译】
因为图像的较明亮的部分比黑暗的部分或者阴影部分发射的电子更多，所以产生的电子图像随正电荷的变化强度，使正在描述的荧幕上的光强度成倍增强。
【翻译练习】
中翻英：
1. 如果探测体需要，比如说，100年时间来生成自己的副体，那么所有探测体传遍整个星系的平均速度大约为光速的1/25。
2. 但是，这样的问题主要局限于从第三轨而不是从高架线得到电力的那些铁路上。
英翻中：To kill weed which may sprawl rampantly among crops in the first several years, effective weedicide is needed to play the same role as ploughing fields does to eliminate weed.
Day4
翻译答案：
1. If the probe takes, say, 100 years to make a copy of itself, then the average speed at which all probes would spread throughout the galaxy （星系）would be about 1/25th the speed of light.
2. But such troubles is confined mainly to the railways on which the current is picked up from a third rail rather than from overhead conductors.
在最初的几年里，杂草可能在农作物之间繁茂地蔓生，为了消灭这些杂草，需要有效的除草剂，发挥与耕地同样的消灭杂草的作用。
长难句：
Congress, which had met to continue its protests to the crown, found itself raising an army and selecting George Washington as its commander in chief.
【句子主干】Congress found itself raising an army and selecting George Washington as its commander.
【结构分析】
定语从句与先行词融合起来，翻译成时间状语从句。
【重点词汇】
protest –抗议
commander –指挥
【句子翻译】
代表大会先前已集会决定继续向英皇提抗议，而现在则发展到招募兵员并推选乔治• 华盛顿为总司令了。
【翻译练习】
中翻英：
1. 一次在比萨大教堂做礼拜时，他发现自己正看着一个吊灯架，它随着气流时而划一个大弧，时而划一个小弧。
2. 虽然爱因斯坦门门功课都很优异，数学尤为突出，但他很讨厌上这所慕尼黑的中学。在这所学校里成功取决于死机硬背和对专职权威的服从。
英翻中：Rockets perform best in space, where there is no atmosphere to impede their motion.
Day5
翻译答案：
1. Attending services at the Cathedral of Pisa, he found himself watching a swinging chandelier, which air currents shifted now in wide arcs, now in small ones.
2. Although he got generally good grades and was outstanding in mathematics, Einstein hated the academic high school he was sent to in Munich, where success depended on memorization and obedience to arbitrary authority.
火箭在太空中运行，因为在那儿不存在阻碍他们运动的大气。
长难句：
Other issues that concern the body politic, such as crime, poverty, and welfare, are not easily linked to public support of scientific research, save at the educational level.
【句子主干】Other issues are not easily linked to public support of scientific research.
【结构分析】
句子的框架是other issues that concern ...，are not easily linked to...，save at...。这是一个含有that引导的定语从句的长主句，other issues是主语，也是先行词。such as引导并列成分。谓语是are not easily linked to public support of scientific research。save在这个句子中相当于“except”，意为“除了。。。”。body politic可译为“国家”。
【重点词汇】
issue – 问题
poverty–贫困
【句子翻译】
除了在教育层次上，其他一些与国家息息相关的问题，如犯罪、贫穷和福利都难以与公共支持的科研相提并论。
【翻译练习】
中翻英：
1. 食品供应的增加将赶不上人口的增长，这就意味着我们在粮食的生产和购销方面正陷入危机。
2. 在西方希腊遗产中，神话与理性始终处于紧张冲突状态，因为理性意味着对现实进行合情合理、符合实际的分析和描述。
Medicine, like all branches of science, needs scholars who are able to develop appropriate "rule of evidence" and then apply those rules to the continuously flowing stream of new data to determine what is relevant.
翻译答案：
1. This food supply will not increase nearly enough to match this, which means that we are heading into a crisis in the matter of producing and marketing food.
2. In the Greek heritage of the west, myth has always been in tension with reason, which signified the rational and analytic mode of arriving at a true account of reality.
正像所有的科学分支一样，医学也需要这类学者，他们既能开发适当的“实证规则”，又能把那些规则应用到不断变化的新数据流中去，进而确定哪些信息是相关的。
