雅思阅读真题解析-剑15Test2Passage3-Having a laugh-判断题

雅思阅读真题解析-剑15Test2Passage3-Having a laugh-判断题

整体分析

文章有单选题，摘要选择题和判断题。我们的做题顺序是判断题—摘要选择题—单选题。

判断题

Questions 37-40

Do the following statements agree with the claims of the writer in Reading Passage 3? 

In boxes 37-40 on your answer sheet, write

YES if the statement agrees with the claims of the writer 

NO if the statement contradicts the claims of the writer 

NOT GIVEN if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this

Q37

Participants in the Santa Cruz study were more accurate at identifying the laughs of friends than those of strangers.

分析

题干可以划定位词的有Participants，Santa Cruz study，friends和strangers。这道题考察“比较考点”，即判断的正确率friends’ laugh>strangers’ laugh。

定位

3 In one study conducted in 2016，samples of laughter from pairs of English-speaking students were recorded at the University of California, Santa Cruz. A team made up of more than 30 psychological scientists, anthropologists, and biologists then played these recordings to listeners from 24 diverse societies, from indigenous tribes in New Guinea to city-dwellers in India and Europe- Participants were asked whether they thought the people laughing were friends or strangers. On average, the results were remarkably consistent: worldwide, people’s guesses were correct approximately  60%  of the time.

答案

上文第 一句出现了定位词Santa Cruz 和study，第二句中的India and Europe- Participants对应题干中的Participants，这句中出现了定位词friends 和strangers。第三句中的the results were remarkably consistent【结果惊人的一致】：people’s guesses were correct approximately 60%  of the time意味着全世界的正确率都一样。friends和strangers分别的正确率在这句中没有提到，往后的段落也没有。这两者分别的正确率可能是--40%，80%；60%，60%；50%，70%，这三种情况的平均值都是原文给的总的正确率60%，我们无法判断两者的各自的正确率谁大谁小，所以这道题答案是NOT GIVEN。

Q38

The researchers in the San Diego study were correct in their predictions regarding the behaviour of the high-status individuals.

分析

题干可以划定位词的有researchers，San Diego study和high-status individuals。这道题考察“是非考点”，即researchers’ prediction到底是否正确。

定位

4 Researchers have also found that different types of laughter serve as codes to complex human social hierarchies. A team led by Christopher Oveis from the University of California, San Diego, found that high-status individuals had different laughs from low-status individuals,andthat strangers’judgements of an individual’s social status were influenced by the dominant or submissive quality of their laughter. In their study, 48 male college students were randomly assigned to groups of four, with each group composed of two low-status members, who had just joined their college fraternity group, and two high-status members, older students who had been active in the fraternity for at least two years. Laughter was recorded as each student took a turn at being teased by the others, involving the use of mildly insulting nicknames. Analysis revealed that, as expected, high-status individuals produced more dominant laughs and fewer submissive laughs relative to the low-status individuals. Meanwhile, low-status individuals were more likely to change their laughter based on their position of power; that is, the newcomers produced more dominant laughs when they were in the 'powerful’role of teasers. Dominant laughter was higher in pitch, louder, and more variable in tone than submissive laughter.

答案

上文第二句出现了定位词San Diego，这道题考察的是实验结果是否与预测相符，所以我们需要看实验结果。这段很长，意味着这段随着实验的参与者，实验的过程和结果展开的，所以我们应该看段落靠后的位置，确定与实验结果相关的内容。段落后半部分最显著的就是倒数第三句开头的meanwhile【同时】，这个词表示并列，所以我们至少应该从上一句开始看。上一句中的analysis revealed that意味着这句讲的是实验结果。这句中的as expected【与预期的一样】对应题干中的were correct in their predictions，这句中的high-status individuals produced more dominant laughs and fewer submissive laughs【high-status individuals笑出来的霸道总裁式的笑声居多，臣妾式笑声较少】对应题干中的regarding the behaviour of the high-status individuals【关于high-status individuals的行为】，所以原文与题干的内容一致，答案是YES。

Q39

The participants in the Australian National University study were given a fixed amount of time to complete the task focusing on employee profiles.

分析

题干可以划定位词的有participants，Australian National University study，time，task和employee profiles。这道题考察“是非考点”，即participants做task到底是否是限时的。

定位

6  Another study, conducted by David Cheng and Lu Wang of Australian National University, was based on the hypothesis that humour might provide a respite from tedious situations in the workplace. This 'mental break’might facilitate the replenishment of mental resources. To test this theory, the researchers recruited 74 business students, ostensibly for an experiment on perception. First, the students performed a tedious task in which they had to cross out every instance of the letter ‘e’over two pages of text. The students then were randomly assigned to watch a video clip eliciting either humour, contentment, or neutral feelings. Some watched a clip of the BBC comedy Mr Bean, others a relaxing scene with dolphins swimming in the ocean, and others a factual video about the management profession.

7 The students then completed a task requiring persistence in which they were asked to guess the potential performance of employees based on provided profiles, and were told that making 10 correct assessments in a row would lead to a win. ‘However, the software was programmed such that it was nearly impossible to achieve 10 consecutive correct answers. Participants were allowed to quit the task at any point. Students who had watched the Mr Bean video ended up spending significantly more time working on the task, making twice as many predictions as the other two groups.

答案

第6段第 一句出现了定位词Australian National University，但这段中都找不到跟定位词employee profiles相关的信息，所以我们看下一段。

第7段第 一句出现了profiles。上文最后一句的spending significantly more time与题干中的a fixed amount of time是矛盾的，因为一部分participants花的时间比另一部分participants要长，意味着时间长度的是他们自己决定的，说明跟题干的fixed amount of time【固定的时长】是矛盾的，所以答案是NO。

Q40

Cheng and Wang's conclusions were in line with established notions regarding task performance.

分析

题干可以划定位词的有Cheng and Wang's conclusions， established notions和task performance。这道题考察“比较考点”，即这两个人的结论是否和之前现有的理论一样。所以in line with【与…相符】是一个含蓄的比较关系。

定位

8 Cheng and Wang then replicated these results in a second study, during which they had participants complete long multiplication questions by hand. Again, participants who watched the humorous video spent significantly more time working on this tedious task and completed more questions correctly than did the students in either of the other groups.

9‘Although humour has been found to help relieve stress and facilitate social relationships, the traditional view of task performance implies that individuals should avoid things such as humour that may distract them from the accomplishment of task goals, ’Cheng and Wang conclude.‘We suggest that humour is not only enjoyable but more importantly, energizing.’

答案

第8段第 一句出现了定位词Cheng and Wang，但这一段都没有跟题干中的established notions【现成的理念】相关的信息，所以接着看下一段。

第9段第 一句中出现的the traditional view【传统的观点】对应题干中的established notions，这句中的individuals should avoid things such as humour【个人应该避免幽默】是传统观点的内容；下一句中的we suggest that对应题干中的Cheng and Wang's conclusions, 这句中的humour is not only enjoyable but more importantly, energizing【幽默不仅是有意思的，而是可以提神的-_-】是他们的观点，显然传统观点排斥幽默，而Cheng and Wang的发现看好幽默，所以两种观点是矛盾的，题目说他们是in line with【与…相符】，所以原文与题干的内容出现矛盾，答案是NO。

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