雅思阅读真题解析-剑16Test2Passage3-How to make wise decisions-单选题​

　　雅思阅读真题解析-剑16Test2Passage3-How to make wise decisions-单选题?

　　单选题

　　Questions 27-30

　　Choose the correct letter, A, B, C or D.

　　Write the correct letter in boxes 27-30 on your answer sheet.

　　Q27

　　What point does the writer make in the first paragraph?

　　AWisdom appears to be unique to the human race.

　　BA basic assumption about wisdom may be wrong.

　　CConcepts of wisdom may depend on the society we belong to.

　　DThere is still much to be discovered about the nature of wisdom.

　　分析

　　题干中可以划定位词的有first paragraph。题目问的是作者提出的观点，这种题的出题句一般是段落的第 一句，引出话题并进行论证；或者先进行例证，最后一句进行总结。

　　定位

　　1Across cultures, wisdom has been considered one of the most revered human qualities. Although the truly wise may seem few and far between, empirical research examining wisdom suggests that it isn’t an exceptional trait possessed by a small handful of bearded philosophers after all –in fact, the latest studies suggest that most of us have the ability to make wise decisions, given the right context.

　　答案

　　上文第 一句中是一个现状，第二句是although 开头的，说明对第 一句不太服气，并在第二句的后半句中给出了原因。所以我们知道了作者对第 一句的现状持有否定态度。我们在选项中找出对第 一句：wisdom has been considered one of the most revered human qualities进行否定的选项即可。 

　　A Wisdom appears to be unique to the human race.

　　这个选项讲述隐含的比较结构，也就是拿animals 和human race进行比较。原文第 一句没有关于animals和human race的比较。

　　B A basic assumption about wisdom may be wrong.

　　这个选项中有may be wrong,可以跟作者持有的否定态度对应。这个选项中的a basic assumption可以对应第 一句中的wisdom has been considered one of the most revered human qualities，所以这个选项是TRUE。

　　C Concepts of wisdom may depend on the society we belong to.

　　这个选项中的concepts of wisdom可以对应第 一句中的wisdom has been considered， 这个选项中的may depend on the society we belong to和第 一句中的across cultures是矛盾的（因为原文第 一句说‘所有的文化中...’说明对wisdom的看法都一样，不受文化的影响）,所以这个选项是FALSE。

　　D There is still much to be discovered about the nature of wisdom.

　　这个选项中的still much to be discovered在原文中没有对应的信息。（一般需要进一步研究的时候作者会用：yet to be studied【尚待研究】或we have a long way to go【我们还有很长的一段路要走】。）所以这个选项是NOT GIVEN。

　　Q28

　　What does Igor Grossmann suggest about the ability to make wise decisions?

　　AIt can vary greatly from one person to another.

　　BEarlier research into it was based on unreliable data.

　　CThe importance of certain influences on it was underestimated.

　　DVarious branches of psychology define it according to their own criteria.

　　分析

　　题干中可以划的定位词有Igor Grossmann。我们在原文中找出这个人说的话并在选项中找出改写即可。

　　定位

　　2 ‘It appears that experiential, situational, and cultural factors are even more powerful in shaping wisdom than previously imagined,’says Associate Professor Igor Grossmann of the University of Waterloo in Ontario, Canada. ‘Recent empirical findings from cognitive, developmental, social, and personality psychology cumulatively suggest that people’s ability to reason wisely varies dramatically across experiential and situational contexts. Understanding the role of such contextual factors offers unique insights into understanding wisdom in daily life, as well as how it can be enhanced and taught.’

　　答案

　　上文第 一句出现了定位词Associate Professor Igor Grossmann，这句是Igor Grossmann说的话，所以有可能出题。这句话出现了现在的发现和以前的掼之间的比较。下一句是对这一句的解释，这句话的重点是ability to reason因experiential and situational contexts出现不同的表现。

　　A It can vary greatly from one person to another.

　　这个选项中有比较，讨论的是ability,对应第二句，但第二句讨论的是ability因experience and situation而不同。该选项讲的是不同的person之间的比较，所以这个现象是NOT GIVEN。

　　B Earlier research into it was based on unreliable data.

　　这个选项有个负面的词unreliable data【不可靠的数据】，与原文中比较无关。

　　C The importance of certain influences on it was underestimated.

　　这个选项中的certain influences 对应原文第 一句中的experiential, situational, and cultural factors， 这个选项中的importance was underestimated对应原文第 一句中的are even more powerful ...than previously imagined。（比早期认为的要更强烈，换句话说就是以前低估了这些因素的影响力）所以这个选项是TRUE。

　　D Various branches of psychology define it according to their own criteria.

　　这个选项中的branches of psychology对应第二句中的from cognitive, developmental, social, and personality psychology， 这个选项中的define it according to与第二句中的cumulatively suggest是不相关的，选项说的是定义，原文说的是ability受...的影响，所以这个选项是NOT GIVEN。

　　Q29

　　According to the third paragraph, Grossmann claims that the level of wisdom an individual shows

　　Acan be greater than they think it is.

　　Bwill be different in different circumstances.

　　Cmay be determined by particular aspects of their personality.

　　Dshould develop over time as a result of their life experiences.

　　分析

　　题干中可以划定位词的有third paragraph，在原文中需要找出levels of wisdom和individual对应的信息。

　　定位

　　3  It seems that it’s not so much that some people simply possess wisdom and others lack it, but that our ability to reason wisely depends on a variety of external factors. ‘It is impossible to characterize thought processes attributed to wisdom without considering the role of contextual factors,’explains Grossmann. ‘In other words, wisdom is not solely an “inner quality”but rather unfolds as a function of situations people happen to be in. Some situations are more likely to promote wisdom than others.’

　　答案

　　上文第 一句中的some people对应题干中的individual【个体，个人】，这句话的结构是not...but...，所以重点是后半句：our ability to reason wisely depends on a variety of external factors.

　　A can be greater than they think it is.

　　这个选项中的greater与原文中的depend on a variety of external factors不相关，所以是NOT GIVEN。

　　B will be different in different circumstances.

　　这个选项整体与原文中的depend on a variety of external factors对应，所以是TRUE。

　　C may be determined by particular aspects of their personality.

　　这个选项中的personality【性格】在原文中没有对应的信息，所以是NOT GIVEN。

　　D should develop over time as a result of their life experiences.

　　这个选项中的should表示这是个建议，原文中没有跟建议对应的内容，所以是NOT GIVEN。

　　Q30

　　What is described in the fifth paragraph?

　　Aa difficulty encountered when attempting to reason wisely

　　Ban example of the type of person who is likely to reason wisely

　　Ca controversial view about the benefits of reasoning wisely

　　Da recommended strategy that can help people to reason wisely

　　分析

　　题干中可以划定位词的有fifth paragraph。题目问的是第5段描述的内容，所以很有可能是第 一句或最后一句的改写。

　　定位

　　5  Grossmann and his colleagues have also found that one of the most reliable ways to support wisdom in our own day-to-day decisions is to look at scenarios from a third-party perspective, as though giving advice to a friend. Research suggests that when adopting a first-person viewpoint we focus on ‘the focal features of the environment’and when we adopt a third-person, ‘observer’viewpoint we reason more broadly and focus more on interpersonal and moral ideals such as justice and impartiality. Looking at problems from this more expansive viewpoint appears to foster cognitive processes related to wise decisions.

　　答案

　　原文第 一句中提供的是one of the most reliable ways to support wisdom，也就是一种方法或者建议。

　　A a difficulty encountered when attempting to reason wisely

　　这个选项中的difficulty跟第 一句中的方法不相关，所以是NOT GIVEN。

　　B an example of the type of person who is likely to reason wisely

　　这个选项中的example在这一段中没有对应的信息，这段中描述的是发现或结论，所以是NOT GIVEN。

　　C a controversial view about the benefits of reasoning wisely

　　第 一句话的one of the best ways表示，这是一个结论，而不是争论的点，所以是FALSE。

　　D a recommended strategy that can help people to reason wisely

　　这个选项中的recommended strategy 对应原文中的one of the most reliable ways， 这个选项中的that can help people to reason wisely对应原文中的to support wisdom，所以是TRUE。

分享：新航道雅思