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托福口语考试技巧:如何缩写笔记

2013-06-06 12:00来源:互联网原创作者:南京新航道   责编:上海管理员

摘要:托福口语考试技巧:如何缩写笔记。托福,南京托福,托福培训,托福培训机构。

 

今天新航道托福频道为大家整理的是托福老师常远老师的新书《常远新托福口语真经——年度崭新预测真题》中关于托福口语考试缩写笔记的技巧,希望对大家有所帮助。

保留多音节单词的前三四个字母:

ref~ (reference)

doc~ (document)

hosp~ (hospital)

pred~ (predator)

去掉单词的元音字母(A E I O U):

prvt (private)

cvnt (convenient)

btw (between)

mkt (market)

符号:

指向性符号:→、←、↑、↓

数学符号:∵、∴、=、<>

其他常用符号:

b4 (before,in advance)

$ (我不说,大家也知道)

☆ (important)

△ (change)

⊙ (focus,center)

更多的常用笔记符号:

1 箭头符号

grow, expand, develop, rise, go up, increase, ascend, launch, skyrocket, soar, appreciation, promote, upwards: ↑

drop to, bomb, jump, go down, descend, decrease, deter iorate, depreciation, reduce, downwards: ↓

become better and better: ↗

become worse and worse: ↘

export to, enter, arrive in/at, present to, result in, send to, transmit to, lead to, cause: →

come from, originate from, receive from, go back to, import from: ←

2 数学符号

further more, in addition to, with, and, besides, etc: +

minus, lack: -

incorrect, wrong, bad, inappropriate, notorious: ×

more than, bigger than, surpass, better than, superior to: >

fewer than, less than, worse than, inferior to: <

equal to, the same as, a rival, a competitor: =

not equal to, no match for: ≠

approximately, around, about, or so: ≈

total, the total number/sum, totally: Σ

because, owing to, thanks to, due to: ∵

therefore, as a result, consequently, so, thus, due to this: ∴

3 标点符号

say, speak, tell, declare, announce, protest, such as: :

question, doubt, suspicious, skeptical, ask: ?

very important, vital, crucial, critical: !

including, within, among, inside: ( )

viewpoint, opinion, idea, point: •

表示不同的时间概念: • (注:如用d表示today,那么yesterday即用•d表示,the day before yesterday可记为••d,three days ago可写成•3d;同理,d•表示tomorrow,d••表示the day after tomorrow)

4 其他符号

center, focus, roundtable, meeting, meet, discussion: ⊙ (注:⊙像会议室的圆桌,中间的一点可以看做一个烟灰缸或花瓶)

change: △

agreement, contract, treaty: ∪ ( 注: 人们签约时, 往往会举杯庆祝,而∪形似杯子。表示双边协议bi lateral agreement,三边协议trilateral agreement或多边协议multi-lateral agreement时,在∪中分别加2,3或m即可)

confrontation, conflict, communication, interaction: ><

country, state, nation: □

and, together with, accompany: &

correct, good, affirmative, certain, well-known, famous, agree, support: √

person, people: °

exchange, replace, mutual, each other: ~

stop, halt: //

happy, glad, pleased, delighted, enjoy: ϑ

belong to: ∈

outstanding, best, model, important: ☆

hospital, red cross: ⊕

pound (英镑): £

dollar (美元): $

yuan (人民币): ¥

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