2019年3月9日SAT亚太考试考情分析和考试内容
考情分析
阅读部分
整体难度一般，第二篇历史类文章阅读难度较大。
文法部分
语法整体偏简单，考察的都是常见知识点，文章难度不大，很容易读懂。词汇和固定搭配也很好识别。考到一题though在句子中间做插入语的情况，有2题transition的题目，一题是furthermore besides by contrast 区别，一题考到了rather。
数学部分
整体偏简单，基本没有设置特别难的题干陷阱。题干长度和阅读难度一般。几何部分难点圆没有考，统计部分难点标准差没有考。没有计算除出错考生拿到满分的难度不大。
写作部分
这次写作的文章题目取材于纽约时报，关于环境污染的问题，这类文章比较贴近考生日常学习，写起来相对容易。
考试内容
阅读部分
文章顺序：小说-历史-自然科学-社科-双对比
Passage 1:小说类 Make your home among strangers
作者、文章简介链接：
httpss://firstgen.naspa.org/book/make-your-home-among-strangers
文章内容:
Liz很喜欢上biology 课，她收到professor邮件后非常忐忑，因为Professor没有告诉她见面原因，也没有从语气中透露任何信息。她以为自己太差了，教授要把她从这个课请出去。教授是个非常仔细的人，对学生们的细节要求很高，Liz收到邮件后就回想自己在实验室的时候，每个细节有没有照professor的要求做到。
在meeting 之前的一堂三个小时的生物课，Liz以为是自己最后一次上课，要和实验室里的各种设备say goodbye了。她觉得professor是这种人：show her frustration with kindness. 当你打碎仪器的时候，她用很高的音调说“It’s okay”, 你打扫碎玻璃的时候她就在旁边，帮你看着哪里有没扫的玻璃，等你扫完了，扫帚放好了，她又看见了碎玻璃，会温柔地让你重新拿扫帚扫。
课程结束了，Liz忐忑地去找教授。professor问她喜欢生物课吗?她说喜欢。问她的梦想是什么?Liz为了讨好教授说相当科学家，但她真正的梦想是医生。故事真相是——professor有一个summer research position 想推liz去.
Passage 2: 历史类 a speech of Franklin in 1787
原文链接：
httpss://www.bartleby.com/268/8/12.html
文章内容：
Two passions of men that have great impact, 一种是ambition, 第二是the pursuit of money and power. If you show a man a post of power, 他会不遗余力地得到它。接着作者用英国政府中存在这样的职位竞争，导致conflict不断来支持前面的观点。(此处考了一道寻证题)
第二段以问题开头—是哪种人会不遗余力获取权力金钱呢?一定不是爱好和平，humble, patient这一类人;却是ambitious, 有欲望的人。
第三段讲the conflict between the governing and the governed, 人民越不想被统治，统治阶级对权力和金钱的需求和欲望越大，他要钱去讨好支持他的党派们以巩固自己的地位，钱肯定要从人民税收中来，这是主要矛盾点。
Passage 3: 自然科学类 The Greatest Show on Earth: The Evidence for Evolution
原文简介：
httpss://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Greatest_Show_on_Earth:_The_Evidence_for_Evolution
文章内容：
一种名为ps 的动物，originally from 一个地方名为pk, 在另外一个叫PM 的地方是不存在的，1971年的时候，科学家把一部分ps 这种动物运到PM。2008年再比较两个物种的时候，科学家预测PM上的PS和PK上的PS是一样的。(紧接着后面的内容出了寻证题)但是这样推测是没有道理的，因为不管怎样这36年PK上的PS一定也是进化了的，有改变的。
第二段篇幅非常短： 那两个地方的PS有什么区别?PM上的PS这种动物头更大，更宽，更高，咬肌更发达。他们相对于PK上的PS更多吃草，PK上的更多吃Insects。
第三段既然PM上的动物吃草，为什么要更发的的咬肌呢?因为植物有细胞壁，相比肉类，更需要强大的咬肌。而且PM上的动物胃里有特殊的细菌和其他微生物帮助消化植物。 其他的不同之处是PM上的PS密度更大。
Passage 4: 社会科学类 Adapted from Wray Herbert: On second thought: outsmarting your mind’s hard-wired habits.
文章内容：
这篇文章开头2段讲了人们根据对货币或事物的熟悉度来判断事物的价值，并不总是根据事物的客观价值。人们是根据心理熟悉度作出反应的，熟悉带来comfort, 不熟悉带来discomfort，由此产生了事物价值高低之分。
后面的段落引用研究人员Adam Altman and Daniel Oppenheimer设计的三个实验证明上述结论，个实验是给被实验人1 dollar和1 susan B，让其对生活常用品，比如纸巾，笔等进行评估价值， 尽管两者在价值上相同，但是由于人们只对一美元熟悉，普遍对一美元的购买力赋予更高价值。
为了进一步证明的普遍性，实验人员给了被实验着2 dollars (现实中不存在)和2 shinges, 虽然2美元上印着美国开国元勋杰弗逊的头像，人们由于对其不熟悉，给予其的购买力价值相对较低。
第三个实验对人们对与熟悉度的偏好有个更进一步的验证。给予被实验人2组字体的物品清单，一组较为熟悉，另一组不清晰，被实验者做出了和上述两个实验相同的结果，这就是Adam Altman and Daniel Oppenheimer 提出的 fluency heuristic，强调familiarity导致人们习惯性赋予其较高价值。
5 自然科学类 双篇
文章来源：
httpss://www.nhbs.com/genesis-the-scientific-quest-for-lifes-origin-book
Passage1 Robert Hazen的Genesis: The Scientific Quest for Life's Origin
Passage 2 取自 university of North Carolina School of Medicine的文章biochemists resurrect: molecular fossils: findings challenge the attempts about origins of life(发表在sciencedaily上)
文章内容：
Passage1 上世纪80年代对于RNA ribozymes的发现开启了人们理解生命起源的新篇章，1989年两位科学因此领域研究获得诺贝尔奖。
在以前的知识体系下，DNA和Protein是鸡生蛋蛋生鸡的关系：DNA携带信息，protein制造和表达信息，根据对RNA的崭新研究发现，RNA ribozymes可能同时具备这两项功能，由此产生了RNA World theory.
Passage 2 首先RNA ribozymes进化到当今的复杂程度需要很长时间，在地球存在4.5billions年里，这种发展进化速度是不可能的。
其次，没有证据表明RNA ribozymes在几十亿年前存在。Carter教授使用崭新技术进行了研究。人类基因密码由两大modern day enzymes族系转译。Carter教授发现这两大族系由共有的identical cores来产生molecular fossil， 教授将其命名为Urzymes. 并推断出此物质可能是古时早期生命信息的的存在状态。
文法部分：
篇：Dickens takes the stage
英国作家Dickens在写作之前做过表演，因此他想到把表演和写作结合起来，朗读他的小说给观众听。舞台布置非常简单，只需要他的出现和他的声音，他曾经在一场表演中模仿过23个人的声音。由于Dickens之前做过舞台相关工作，他经常和观众互动，很多观众成了他的朋友。他还进一步发展了这种intimacy，他鼓励观众对表演作出公开的反应。他做了472场这样的表演，是个成为名人的作家。
第二篇：Fritz Pollard Beyond the Gridiron
Fritz Pollard是1913年到1937年间的足球运动员和教练，他退役后从事里各种职业来促进美国黑人的职业发展。
他最开始做专栏作家，推介美国黑人的运动成就，并促使NFL及其他运动联盟消除种族隔离。他还同样推介演技界的黑人演员。
他还做黑人的经纪人，建立了sunstan studio，使很多黑人艺术家获得成功。
除此之谓他还做过税务咨询等，他把所有这些成就都归功于他在足球上的成功。
第三篇：Why we still need mapmkers
讲的是随着科技的发展，是否还需要制作地图的人，全文作者的观点是依旧需要的 ，4篇词汇题貌似只有1题考了considerating和considerable的区别，考察considerable做大量的意思比较简单。句子排序题只有1题，图表题在最后一篇出了1题。文章难度都一般，很容易读懂。
第四篇：The art of a cat’s lap
讲的是，研究猫喝牛奶时舔舌头的频率。Smith发现猫喝奶是从舌头下面流下去。于是开始研究猫的舐食行为，通过慢动作回放，得出结论：猫喝水的确是通过舌头下面流下去的。之后，MIT研究人员也证实了Smith的部分。
研究结果，同时提出猫的舐食行为的速度和准度也起到了很重要的作用。舔舐速度和受到的重力影响成反比。
数学部分：
第三第四部分各出了一题关于根据二元方程组解集的情况求系数问题，常规考点，一题no solution以及一题infinite solutions情况。
此次对于二次函数的考察较多，出现了二次函数应用题求最值的问题，以及对于顶点式的考察。函数图像的变化出的比较简单，考到了上下平移的情况。
统计方面，boxplot图像再次出现，学习过相关内容的同学能够很快求出range，margin of error的概念也再次出现。Mean,median出题点较多，标准差的题目没有出现。line of best fit考了两道，都以带图表的选择题形式出现。
此次几何圆相关内容以及多项式函数和图像性质并未涉及。
应用题部分考到了比例尺题： 地图上1inch represent 300 feet, 面积是12的地图，当地图长宽都增加50%后，1 inch 代表多少feet?
写作部分
文章作者是Eric Betz, 选自2015年Los Angeles Times的一篇文章, 名为 “Let There be (Less) Light”, 文章主要探讨了夜间光污染的问题. 文章的主旨在题目中的prompt中直接体现: “Cities must reduce light pollution”.
写作原文:
DIRECTIONS
The essay gives you an opportunity to show how effectively you can read and comprehend a passage and write an essay nalyzing the passage. In your essay, you should demonstrate that you have read the passage carefully,present a clear and logical analysis, and use language precisely.Your essay must be written on the lines provided in your answer booklet;except for the Planning Page of the answer booklet, you will receive no other paper on which to write. You will have enough space if you write on every line,avoid wide margins, and keep your handwriting to a reasonable size. Remember that people who are not familiar with your handwriting will read what you write.Try to write or print so that what you are writing is legible to those readers.
REMINDERS
1. Do not write your essay in this booklet. Only what you write on the lined pages of your answer booklet will be evaluated.
2. An off-topic essay will not be evaluated.
You have 50 minutes to read the passage and write an essay in response to the prompt provided inside this booklet.
As you read the passage below, consider how Eric Betz uses
• evidence, such as facts or examples, to support claims.
• reasoning to develop ideas and to connect claims and evidence.
• stylistic or persuasive elements, such as word choice or appeals to emotion,to add power to the ideas expressed.
Adapted from Eric Betz, “Let there be (less) light” ©2015 by the Los Angeles Times. Originally published August 16, 2015.
1、Looking out across Los Angeles from Mt. Wilson Observatory at night, the hills and mountains look like islands in a sea of light. It was here that Edwin Hubble first proved our universe was expanding at a rapid pace. From this vantage point you can still make out the major constellations, but drive into the light bubble and suddenly the cosmos feels awfully far away. The city shines so bright it blocks out the stars, a phenomenon known as "skyglow."
2、Light seeps into the sky from stadiums, malls, parking lots, offices and billboards. But streetlights, with their harsh bulbs, are the worst offenders. . . .
3、We intuitively assume that more lights mean less crime. Indeed, police are often taught that, second to more cops, good lighting is the best crime deterrent.
4、Yet decades of research show there's no scientific reason to believe that darker streets are inherently more dangerous. And, increasingly, researchers are finding that excess light is toxic for both humans and wildlife.
5、In one study, published July 28 in the Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, researchers examined 14 years of data from 62 local authorities across England and Wales, hunting for crime and collision trends among agencies that reduced their lighting.
6、But the health researchers found no link between collisions and lighting despite studying about 14,500 miles of roadways where streetlights were dimmed, lighted for only part of the night or shut off entirely. They also examined lighting's effect on crime and similarly found no increase in burglary, auto theft, robbery, violence or sexual assault in areas where lighting policy had changed.
7、The scientists published a companion study based on surveys of 520 people living in darkened areas. Many residents said they didn't even notice the dimming, let alone feel threatened by an uptick in crime.
8、Other studies back up these results. In 1998, for example, Chicago tried to fight crime with a three-phase plan that included upgrading 175,000 streetlights, as well as lights in transit stations and alleys around the city. The city kept experimental control areas unchanged and found that crime consistently increased in both the well-lighted and the control areas. Illinois criminal justice officials concluded that strolling down a dark alley was no more dangerous than doing so in a well-lighted one.
9、All this should make taxpayers uneasy. Last week, the Cities at Night project released a report estimating that the European Union alone spends about $7 billion annually to power streetlights.
10、But there's something much more troubling than wasted money about losing the night. A growing body of biological research suggests that nighttime lighting messes with the circadian rhythms of humans and other animals, wreaking havoc on everything from sleep patterns to DNA repair.
11、Studies have shown that nighttime light exposure is a risk factor for some cancers, diabetes, heart disease and obesity. As scientists continue to gather evidence, the American Medical Assn. has already recommended that cities reduce light pollution and that people avoid staring at electronic screens after dark.
12、LEDs are of particular concern. Cities around the world are converting from traditional yellow sodium-vapor lamps, which cast their light in a narrow range, to broad-spectrum LED streetlights. Los Angeles has installed 165,000 LEDs in recent years, slashing streetlight energy use by 60% and netting $8 million in energy savings annually.
13、The problem is that these bright lamps increase skyglow by emitting more blue light than the older technology. They also could have unintended effects on wildlife. Artificial lights can disrupt navigation, mating and feeding among the many nocturnal animals that share our cities.
14、A University of Bristol study published this month showed that certain moths can't perform evasive maneuvers against predatory bats under LEDs. And recent research in New Zealand shows some insects are 48% more attracted to the new LEDs than they were to the old-fashioned lights. The researchers worry that widespread use of the new technology will create a "white-light night" that intensifies light pollution's pressure on ecosystems.
15、The psychological loss is less measurable. . . .
16、What happens when people grow up without stars? Do they lose their connection to the cosmos that our ancestors tracked so carefully, night after night?
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