北美大讲堂 | 2022GMAT OG新题讲解（103）

北美大讲堂 | 2022GMAT OG新题讲解（103）题号：661<strengthen> 难度：Easy

Researchers asked volunteers to imagine they were running a five-kilometer race against 50 people and then against 500 people, races in each of which the top 10 percent would receive a $1,000 prize. Asked about the effort they would apply in the respective cases, the volunteers indicated, on average, that they would run slower in the race against the greater number of people. A likely explanation of this result is that those of the volunteers who were most comparatively inclined—those who most tended to compare themselves with others in the social environment—determined (perhaps unconsciously) that extreme effort would not be worthwhile in the 500-competitor race.

研究者让志愿者想象他们分别跟50人和500人比赛跑5000米，跑赢前10%的人可以赢的1000美金。研究者询问他们在不同的情况下会付出多少努力，志愿者通常都回答说当跟更多人一起跑的时候他们会跑的更慢一些。对于该结果的一种可能的解释是那些最倾向于在社会环境中与他人对比的志愿者确定（也许是无意识的）在跟500人的跑步比赛中，他们极度的努力是不值得的。

解析：这题需要我们找出可以证明上述理由的答案即可。

志愿者内心想法：跟500人一起跑不值得努力

因此：他们在跟500人一起跑步时速度会更慢

Which of the following would, if known to be true, most help justify the explanation offered above?

A. The volunteers who were most comparatively inclined were also those that had the greatest desire to win a $1,000 prize.

志愿者中最倾向比较的那些人也正是最渴望赢得1000美金奖励的人，该内容和文中的理由无关，可以排除。

B. The volunteers who were the least comparatively inclined had no greater desire to win the $1,000 than those who were the most comparatively inclined.

文中并未提到“least comparatively inclined”，因此可以直接排除该选项。

C. The volunteers who were most comparatively inclined were likely to indicate that they would run the two races at the same speed.

“run the two races at the same speed”属于过度推断，因此排除该选项。

D. The most comparatively inclined volunteers believed that they were significantly less likely to finish in the top 10 percent in the race against 500 than in the race against 50.

那些最愿意比较的志愿者认为，在与500名选手的比赛中，他们进入前10%的可能性明显低于与50名选手的比赛。该内容可以支持上述解释，跟500人比赛赢的概率低，因此没必要跑那么快，因此该选项为正确答案。

E. Volunteers were chosen for participation in the study on the basis of answers to various questions designed to measure the degree to which the volunteers were comparatively inclined.

我们不需要知道志愿者是如何被选择出来的，因此该选项属于无关信息，可以排除。