托福写作中如何巧用小词短句

托福写作作为实战型很强的考试，要求考生在30分钟内打出三四百字的文章。在这么紧张的时间内写出的文章想要得到高分必须要有扎实的语言训练。用词是对考生的一大考验。想要高分的考生在课下肯定是下功夫背了很多“高大上”的写作词汇。但是，如果考生能够积累一些考官偏爱的核心小词短句并且在考场上灵活的应用，那么必然会做到事半功倍!笔者就结合高分学员和范文总结了一些高分亮点小词短句，助考生一臂之力。

一. 比较对比

比较对比是颇有表现力的论证方法，巧用小词短句，方能活灵活现。

1.1 compared with -A, A…;

A…,whereas / while -A …

• 与书本相比，互联网具有许多明显的好处比如说高速，高效，易于操作等等。

Compared with books, the Internet enjoys many obvious advantages such as high speed, great efficiency, easy accessibility, to name just a few.

1.2 instead of

应该教孩子们如何从互联网获取有益的信息，而不是沉溺于玩电脑游戏。

Instead of indulging in playing computer games, children should be taught how to benefit from useful information on the internet.

1.3 rather than

因此，人们并非积极进取，而是开始松懈，因为他们失去了工作的动力。老师也不例外。

Thus, rather than making progress, people star to wind down since they have lost their motivation for working; so would the teachers.

1.4 Not for……but for……

学生们从事兼职工作不是为了赚钱，而是为了更好地了解社会。

College students take up part-time jobs not for making more money, but for a better understanding of the society.

二. 原因剖析

托福官方指南第四版明确要求托福写作要给出充分的解释，而这个也是考官最为看重的内容之一。而剖析原因是最直接有效的解释方式。掌握剖析原因的小词对于写作获胜颇为关键。

2.1 on the grounds that(基于…理由)

(on the ground that, on grounds that)

Jackson refused to answer questions about his relationship/wife on the grounds that it may disturb their tranquil life.

2.2 ...can be attributed to...(+名词......可以归因于……)

This difference can be attributed/ascribed to the cultural background.

2.3 For the sake of 也表示因果关系

Improve or bring advantage to 所以它的意思更接近于英文的for the purpose of helping/ improving。例如：

Many elderly people prefer to live in the countryside for the purpose of improving their health.

Many elderly people prefer to live in the countryside for the sake of their health.

2.4 by virtue of意思是“通过......来......”， 也可灵活运用表示因果关系。

她的成功是因为她的运气而非天赋。

She succeeded by virtue of her luck rather than her talent.

2.5 Given...， In view of ...和In light of 三个表达都是“考虑到，鉴于.....”的意思，后面跟名词或者名词短语，也是用来引出因果关系的精品。

鉴于工作压力的逐渐增加，他打算牺牲高薪工作来换取更多的空闲时间。

Given/in view of/in light of the mounting pressure at work, he would sacrifice his high-paying job in exchange for more leisure time.

希望大家巧用这三个方面的小词短句，致胜托福写作!

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