托福阅读长难句分析（四）

  托福阅读长难句问题可以说是托福阅读高分路上的非常大拦路虎之一。托福阅读考试中如果考生对句子的分析不到位是很难做对题的，接下来南京新航道老师王晨将以实例为大家做长难句分析，希望对大家有所帮助。

  31．These researchers have sought to demonstrate that their work can be a valuable tool not only of science but also of history，providing flesh insights into the daily lives of ordinary people whose existences might not otherwise be so well documented．

 (宾语从句demonstrate that…；特殊结构otherwise)

 这些研究人员已经力图证实他们的工作不仅可以成为科学而且还是历史的宝贵工具，为了解普通人的日常生活提供崭新的观点，否则这些普通人的生存状态不可能被记载得这么好。

  分句1：These researchers have sought to demonstrate that

  分句2：their work can be a valuable tool not only of science but also of history

  分句3：providing flesh insights into the daily lives of ordinary people

  分句4：whose existences might not otherwise be so well documented．

  分句1是整个长句子的主句

  分句2是分句1的宾语从句

  分句3是动词同位语从句，以分词形式表示伴随状态

  分句4补充说明，是3的从句。

  1和2嵌套

  1和3并列

  3和4嵌套

  32．Legend has it that sometime toward the end of the Civil War(1861--1865)a government train carrying oxen traveling through the northern plains of eastern Wyoming was caught in a snowstorm and had to be abandoned．

  (特殊结构Legend has it that…=There is a legend that…)

  传说在内战(1861--1865)快结束的某个时候，一列载着牛群的政府的火车在穿过怀俄明州东部的北部平原时遇到了暴风雪，因此不得不被遗弃。

  分句1：Legend has it that

  分句2：sometime toward the end of the Civil War(1861--1865)a government train carrying oxen traveling through the northern plains of eastern Wyoming was caught in a snowstorm

  分句3：and had to be abandoned

  分句1是整个长句子的形式主句

  分句2是分句1的具体解释，也是真正的主句。这里出现了几个分词形式，如“carrying oxen” “traveling through……”等，完全可以换成“that/which carries……”，但这里都作为修饰成分，从简分析

  分句3是2的并列

  1和2、3嵌套

  2和3并列

  33．It is a lifelong process，a process that starts long before the start of school and one that should be an integral part of one's entire life．

  (并列同位语a process that…，and one that…)

  教育是一个终生的过程，早在人们上学之前就开始了。它应成为人的一生中不可缺少的一部分。

  分句1：It is a lifelong process， a process

  分句2：that starts long before the start of school

  分句3：and one that should be an integral part of one's entire life

  分句1是整个长句子的形式主句

  分句2是分句1的同位语从句，是对1的进一步解释说明

  分句3是2的并列句，同为对1的解释说明

  1和2、3嵌套

  2和3并列

  34．Life's transition from the sea to the land was perhaps as much of an evolutionary challenge as was the genesis of life．

  (特殊结构as much…as；倒装as was the genesis of life)

  生命从海洋到陆地的过渡可能是一个像生命起源那样的进化挑战。

  分句1：Life's transition from the sea to the land was perhaps as much of an evolutionary challenge

  分句2：as was the genesis of life

  分句1是整个长句子的主句，虽然这一部分很长，但主谓宾只有一套，而且顺序是正常的

  分句2是倒装句，按正当语序相当于“the genesis of life was as……（省略）”

  1和2嵌套

  35．In agriculture，the transformation was marked by the emergence of the grain elevators，the cotton presses，the warehouses，and the commodity exchanges that seemed to so many of the nation's farmers the visible sign of a vast conspiracy against them．

  (特殊结构marked by；定语从句that seemed…the visible sign…)

  在农业上，这一变化的标志是谷物升降机、皮棉打包机厂、货栈和商品交换的出现,对全国的众多农民来说它们是反对农民的大阴谋的明显标志。

  分句1：In agriculture，the transformation was marked by the emergence of the grain elevators，the cotton presses，the warehouses，and the commodity exchanges

  分句2：that seemed to so many of the nation's farmers the visible sign of a vast conspiracy against them

  分句1是整个长句子的主句，其中宾语部分是由几个并列短语构成的

  分句2是分句1的定语从句，进一步解释了这些东西何以成为了“标志”

  1和2嵌套

  36．And there were factories in occupations such as metalwork where individual contractors presided over what were essentially handicraft proprietorships that coexisted within a single building．

  (where引导定语从句；what引导的从句作presided over的宾语)

  仍然有像金属制造厂一类的工厂，在那里个体承包商管理在同一幢楼里的本质上是手工艺品所有人的工场。

  分句1：And there were factories in occupations such as metalwork

  分句2：where individual contractors presided over

  分句3：what were essentially handicraft proprietorships

  分句4：that coexisted within a single building

  分句1是整个长句子的主句

  分句2是分句1的定语从句

  分句3是2的宾语从句

  分句4是3的定语从句。

  1和2嵌套

  2和3嵌套

  3和4嵌套

  37．But as the number of wage earners in manufacturing rose from 2.7 million in 1880 to 4.5 million in 1900 to 8．4 million in 1920．the number of huge plants like the Baldwin Locomotive Works in Philadelphia burgeoned，as did the size of the average plant．

  (倒装结构as did…)

  但随着制造业中挣工资的人数从1880年的270万上升到1900年的450万到1920年的840万，像费城的包德温机车工厂这样的大型工厂的数量也大幅增加，同时普通工厂的规模也剧增。

  分句1：But as the number of wage earners in manufacturing rose from 2.7 million in 1880 to 4.5 million in 1900 to 8．4 million in 1920

  分句2：the number of huge plants like the Baldwin Locomotive Works in Philadelphia burgeoned

  分句3：as did the size of the average plant

  分句2是整个长句子的主句

  分句1是分句2的状语

  分句3是2的并列句，同时它是一个省略句

  1和2、3嵌套

  2和3并列

  38．What we today call American folk art was，indeed, art of, by, and for ordinary, everyday “folks” who, with increasing prosperity and leisure, created a market for art of all kinds．and especially for portraits．

  (what引导的从句作主语；介词结构(art)of，by，and for…——…所有、所创和所享的(艺术))  

  我们今天所称的美国民间艺术确实是被普通民众所有、所创和所享的艺术。随着日渐繁荣和不断增加的空闲，这些民众为各种艺术，尤其是肖像艺术创造了一个市场。 

  分句1：What we today call American folk art

  分句2：was，indeed, art of, by, and for ordinary, everyday “folks”

  分句3：who, with increasing prosperity and leisure, created a market for art of all kinds．and especially for portraits

  分句1是2的主语从句

  分句2是整个长句子的主句

  分句3是2的定语从句，修饰folks，中间虽然有多个插入语，但仍是一个分句

  1和2嵌套

  3和2嵌套

  39．But in the heyday of portrait painting--from the late eighteenth century until the 1850’s—anyone with a modicum of artistic ability could become a limner as such a portraitist was called.

  (as引导方式状语从句)

  但是在肖像画的全盛期——从18世纪晚期一直到19世纪50年代——任何一个稍有艺术能力的人都能够成为一个绘画者(人们当时就是这样称呼一个肖像画家的)。

  分句1：But in the heyday of portrait painting--from the late eighteenth century until the 1850’s—anyone with a modicum of artistic ability could become a limner as

 分句2：such a portraitist was called.

  分句1是整个长句子的主句，中间的插入部分都是由介词引导，可见并不能算作分句

  分句2是分句1的方式状语从句，由as引导

  1和2嵌套

  40．The sculptural legacy that the new United States inherited from its colonial predecessors was far from a rich one，and in fact，in 1776 sculpture as an art form was still in the hands of artisans and craftspeople．

  (并列句；特殊结构far from)

  新生的美国从其殖民地时期的先辈那里继承的雕塑遗产远远谈不上丰富，而且，实际上在1776年雕塑作为—种艺术形式仍然掌握在手艺人和工匠的手里。

  分句1：The sculptural legacy that the new United States inherited from its colonial predecessors

  分句2：was far from a rich one

  分句3：and in fact，in 1776 sculpture as an art form was still in the hands of artisans and craftspeople

  分句2和3是整个长句子的主句

  分句1是分句2的主语从句

  分句3是2的并列句

  1和2嵌套

  2和3并列

  以上就是南京新航道托福频道为大家整理的托福阅读长难句分析（四），希望对大家有帮助，更多资讯、资料请访问南京新航道托福频道：https://nj.xhd.cn/toefl/