托福阅读长难句分析（五）

  托福阅读长难句问题可以说是托福阅读高分路上的非常大拦路虎之一。托福阅读考试中如果考生对句子的分析不到位是很难做对题的，接下来南京新航道老师王晨将以实例为大家做长难句分析，希望对大家有所帮助。

  41．0n the rare occasion when a fine piece of sculpture was desired，Americans turned to foreign sculptors，as in the 1770's when the cities of New York and Charleston, South Carolina，commissioned the Englishman Joseph Wilton to make marble statues of William Pitt．

  (句子主干是Americans turned to foreign sculptors；两个when都引导定语从句：occasion when…，1770's when…；as(in the 1770's)的意思是“正如”)

  在少数情况下，当需要一件精美的雕刻品时，就像1770年纽约与南卡罗来纳的查尔斯顿城委托英国人约瑟夫·威尔顿制造威廉·皮特的大理石雕像一样，美国人求助于外国人。  

  分句1：0n the rare occasion when a fine piece of sculpture was desired

  分句2：Americans turned to foreign sculptors

  分句3：as in the 1770's when the cities of New York and Charleston, South Carolina，commissioned the Englishman Joseph Wilton to make marble statues of William Pitt．

  分句2是整个长句子的主句

  分句1是分句2的定语从句

  分句3是分句2的定语从句

  1和2嵌套

  2和3并列

  42．Add to this the timidity with which unschooled artisans—originally trained as stonemasons，carpenters，or cabinetmakers--attacked the medium from which they were to make their images，and one understands more fully the development of sculpture made in the United States in the late eighteenth century．

  (add to this the timidity…=add the timidity…to this为祈使句，相当于一个条件句：if one adds to this the timidity…)

  这个再加上没有受过学校教育的艺人——他们最初是被训练为石匠、木匠或家具木工的——对待他们要制作成雕像的媒介物的胆怯，使人更充分地了解18世纪晚期美国雕刻艺术的发展。

  分句1：Add to this the timidity

  分句2：with which unschooled artisans—originally trained as stonemasons，carpenters，or cabinetmakers--attacked the medium

  分句3：from which they were to make their images

  分句4：and one understands more fully the development of sculpture made in the United States in the late eighteenth century．

  分句4是整个长句子的主句

  分句1、2、3是分句4的条件从句，证据意为：“把这些结合起来，你就会明白……”

  分句2修饰timidity，虽然这句的长度非常大，信息最多，但仍然只是整句话最终结论的一个支撑。

  分句3是修饰medium的定语从句

  1和2嵌套

  2和3嵌套

  123 和4嵌套

  43．Instead of trying to keep down the body temperature deep inside the body, which would involve the expenditure of water and energy，desert mammals allow their temperatures to rise to what would normally be fever height，and temperatures as high as 46 degrees Celsius have been measured in Grant's gazelles．

  (what引导的从句作rise to的宾语)

  沙漠哺乳动物并不试图将体温控制得很低，因为这么做将会涉及水和能量的消耗，而是允许体温上升到平常是高烧的温度——有人在格兰特羚羊身上曾测到高达46摄氏度的体温。 

  分句1：Instead of trying to keep down the body temperature deep inside the body

  分句2：which would involve the expenditure of water and energy

  分句3：desert mammals allow their temperatures to rise to

  分句4：what would normally be fever height

  分句5：and temperatures as high as 46 degrees Celsius have been measured in Grant's gazelles．

  分句3、5是整个长句子的主句

  分句2是分句1的定语从句

  分句4是3的宾语从句。

  1和2嵌套

  1、2和3嵌套

  3和4嵌套

  3、4和5并列

 44．Rent control is the system whereby the local government tells building owners how much they can charge their tenants in rent.

  (whereby=by which，引导定语从句，表示手段)

  租金管制是政府借以告诉房主他们可以收取多少租金的系统。

  分句1：Rent control is the system

  分句2：whereby the local government tells building owners

  分句3：how much they can charge their tenants in rent.

  分句1是整个长句子的主句

  分句2是分句1的定语从句，whereby相当于我们熟悉的by which

  分句3是2的宾语从句，修饰tell 的内容宾语（因为tell有双宾语）

  1和2嵌套

  2和3嵌套

  45．They were spurred by the inflation of the 1970's，which，combined with California's rapid population growth，pushed housing prices，as well as rents, to record levels．

  (which引导非限定性定语从句)

  它们受到了20世纪70年代通货膨胀的刺激，这次通货膨胀与加利福尼亚人口的迅速增长结合在一起，将房价与租金推到了创纪录的水平。

  分句1：They were spurred by the inflation of the 1970's

  分句2：which，combined with California's rapid population growth

  分句3：pushed housing prices，as well as rents, to record levels

  分句1是整个长句子的主句

  分句2是分句1的定语从句，修饰inflation

  分句3同样是分句1的定语从句，主语仍然是上一句中的which

  1和2、3嵌套

  2和3并列

  46．Implicit in it is an aesthetic principle as well：that the medium has certain qualities of beauty and expressiveness with which sculptors must bring their own aesthetic sensibilities into harmony．

  (倒装结构Implicit in it is an aesthetic principle as well=An aesthetic principle is implicit in it as well，that引导的句子做principle的同位语)

  其中也蕴涵一个美学原则：用于雕刻的媒介物有一定的美和富于表现力的特性，雕刻家必须使他们自己的审美感与这些特性融为和谐的—体。

  分句1：Implicit in it is…

  分句2：that the medium has…

  分句3：which sculptors must bring…

  3和2嵌套

  1和2嵌套

  47．With the turn-of-century Crafts movement and the discovery of nontraditional sources of inspiration，such as wooden African figures and masks，there arose a new urge for hands-on, personal execution of art and an interaction with the medium．

  (there arose…是一个存在句）

  随着世纪之交的手工艺运动和非传统灵感源泉(像非洲形体和面具)的发现，出现了一种亲自实践、亲手制作艺术和与媒介物直接接触的新要求。

  本句为单句，with引导并列的两个短语作为伴随状态，真正的主语为a new surge

  48．The common kestrel roosts and hunts alone，but the lesser kestrel roosts and hunts in flocks，possibly so one bird can learn from others where to find insect swarms．

  (possibly so=possibly so that)

  普通红隼单独栖息和狩猎，但较小的红隼群栖群食，很可能因此一只鸟可以从其他鸟那儿了解到在哪儿可以找到成群的昆虫。

  分句1：the common kestrel…

  分句2：but

  分句3：possibly so…

  分句4：where to…

  1，2和3并列

  3和4嵌套

  49．In the 1500s when the Spanish moved into what later was to become the southwestern United States，they encountered the ancestors of the modern day Pueblo，Hopi，and Zuni peoples．

  (when引导定语从句，what引导的从句作moved into的宾语)

  16世纪西班牙人进入后来成为美国西南部的地方时，他们遇到了今天皮艾布鲁人、霍比人和株尼人的祖先。

  分句1：in the 1500s…

  分句2：when…

  分句3：what…

  分句4：they encountered…

  2、3和1嵌套

  1和4并列

  50．During the 1940's electron microscopes routinely achieved resolution better than that possible with a visible light microscope，while the performance of x-ray microscopes resisted improvement．

  (that指代前面的resolution，possible with a visible．1ight microscope作that的定语)

  20世纪40年代，电子显微镜通常比可见光显微镜的分辨能力更强，而X光显微镜的表现却没有改进。

  分句1：During the 1940…

  分句2：that…

  分句3：while..

  1和2嵌套

  1和3并列

  以上就是南京新航道托福频道为大家整理的托福阅读长难句分析（五），希望对大家有帮助，更多资讯、资料请访问南京新航道托福频道：https://nj.xhd.cn/toefl/