长难句第五周

Day1

长难句：Rarely do patients watch a doctor write with a pen that isn’t emblazoned with a drug’s name, or see a nurse use a tablet not bearing a pharmaceutical company’s logo.

 

【句子主干】Patients rarely watch a doctor … that isn’t emblazoned with a drug’s name, or see a nurse use a tablet not bearing … company’s logo.

 

【结构分析】Rarely为否定词, 显然是修饰动词的，后面加了助动词do， 置于句首时后面句子部分倒装；前后句中都出现了not,和rarely构成了双重否定，句中间用or连接，表示并列，前后watch和see也呈现了并列关系；that引导的定语从句修饰pen， bearing是现在分词做后置定语修饰前面的tablet.

 

【重点词汇】

rarely （adv.罕见地）

emblazon (vt. 镌刻)

drug (n. 药物)

pharmaceutical (adj. 制药的)

logo (n. 标志，商标)

 

【句子翻译】病人很少看到一个医生用没有镌刻着医药名字的钢笔写字，也很少看到一个护士使用没有刻着制药公司商标的药片。

 

【翻译练习】

中翻英：

1.      我很少在跟我家庭以外不认识的人身上花时间。

2.      很少见过有人愿意从事艰苦却没有物质奖励的工作。

 

英翻中：Down came the “white only” notices in buses, hotels, trains, restaurants, sporting events, rest rooms and on park benches that once could be found everywhere throughout the South.

 

 

 

Day2

翻译答案：

1.        Rarely do I actually take the time away from my family to spend some time with someone who I do not know.

2.        Rarely do we find men who willingly engage in hard work without material reward.

 

 

长难句：Migrating animals maintain an intense attentiveness to the greater mission, which keeps them undistracted by temptations and undeterred by challenges that would turn other animals aside.

 

【句子主干】Migrating animals maintain … which keeps them undistracted…and undeterred by the challenges …

 

【结构分析】句中逗号后面的which引导非限定性定语从句，修饰前面半句，后半句中的that修饰前面的challenges； undistracted 和undeterred为并列关系。

 

【重点词汇】

intense (adj. 强烈的)

mission (n. 使命)

undistracted (adj. 不分心的, 注意力集中的)

undeterred (adj. 未被吓住的)

turn aside (避开)

 

【句子翻译】迁徙中的动物有着一种对更远大使命的格外专注，这使它们不会被任何诱惑转移了注意力，也不会因为任何会让其他动物望而却步的挑战而裹步不前。

 

【翻译练习】

中翻英：

1.      相反的，现众可以有一段具体的时间欣赏话剧或者戏剧，这段时间就是表演的持续时间。

2.      一旦孩子获得了一定程度上的自我认知，他们便开始将自己置于整个一系列的范畴之中，而这一系列，范畴在定义他们为独特的“自己”的过程中共同发挥了重要作用。

 

英翻中：Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation. 

 

 

 

Day3

翻译答案：

1.       By contrast, the audience encounters an opera or a play over a specific time, which is the duration of the performance. 

2.       Once children have acquired a certain level of self-awareness, they begin to place themselves in whole series of categories, which together play such an important part in defining them uniquely as ‘themselves’. 

 

 

长难句: But daily vertical movements by zooplankton in the ocean — upward by night to seek food, downward by day to escape predators — can also be considered migration.

 

【句子主干】Daily vertical movements … can also be considered…

 

【结构分析】两个破折号中间upward by night…escape predators作插入语，前半句中的vertical movements是破折号后面can be considered migration这半句的主语。

 

【重点词汇】

vertical （adj. 垂直的）

zooplankton （n. 浮游动物）

predator （n. 捕食者）

 

【句子翻译】

但是海洋中浮游生物的每日垂直运动——夜里上浮以寻找食物，白天下潜以躲避捕食者——也可以被视作迁徒。

 

【翻译练习】

中翻英：

1. 茶中的活性成分单宁，以及啤酒当中的啤酒花，都有杀菌的特性---加之茶和啤酒都是由热水制成---近距离的城市社区繁荣发展，而不受由水引发的疾病的迫害，比如痢疾。

2. 为了达到自我约束的效果，所有 的孩子都应该得到帮助以认识自己的学习模式——元认知——这其中包含了学习计划的策略、监督、评估和选择学习的对象。

 

英翻中：

The paper said the volcano destroyed most-if not all-of the buildings and construction on the island.

 

 

 

Day4

翻译答案：

1. The antiseptic properties of tannin, the active ingredient in tea, and of hops in beer — plus the fact that both are made with boiled water — allowed urban communities to flourish at close quarters without succumbing to water-borne diseases such as dysentery. 

2.  To be at their most effective in their self-regulation, all children can be helped to identify their own ways of learning — metacognition — which will include strategies of planning, monitoring, evaluation, and choice of what to learn. 

 

 

 

长难句: The MSC then appoints a certification committee, composed of a panel of fisheries experts, which gathers information and opinions from fishermen, biologists, government officials, industry representatives, non-governmental organizations and others.

 

【句子主干】The MSC appoints a committee … gathers information and opinions from…

 

【结构分析】The committee（主句主语）composed of (非谓语结构)修饰前面主语，后面which 引导定语从句修饰主语。

 

【重点词汇】

fishery (n. 渔场)

panel (n. 座谈小组)

 

【句子翻译】MSC指定了一个由一批渔业专家组成的认证委员会，他们负责从渔民，生物学家，政府官员，企业代表，非政府组织和其他人那里收集信息和意见。

 

【翻译练习】

中翻英：

1. 首先森林是我们地球的呼吸器官，它能通过光合作用来把太阳光转化为氧气，因此森林的基本角色就是人类高密度无污染的能源提供者。

2. 证据显示大约1亿年前蚂蚁就开始了城市生活，发展维持了有房间和隧道的地下城市。

 

英翻中：With the onset of statehood, however, the State of Alaska took over management of its own fisheries, guided by a state constitution which mandates that Alaska's natural resources be managed on a sustainable basis.

 

 

 

Day5

翻译答案：

1. The first is to act as a 'green lung' for our planet; by means of photosynthesis, forests produce oxygen through the transformation of solar energy, thus fulfilling what for humans is the essential role of an immense, non-polluting power plant.

2. The evidence suggests that ants have lived in urban settings for close on a hundred million years, developing and maintaining underground cities of specialized chambers and tunnels.

 

长难句: It was only with the growth of paediatrics and psychology in the twentieth century that studies could be carried out on a more objective, if still not always very scientific, basis.

 

【句子主干】with the growth of paediatrics and psychology…that studies … carried out … more objective… not … scientific, basis.

 

【结构分析】It was only …that…强调句型, 强调的是the growth of paediatrics and psychology, 后面的more objective 和not very scientific修饰的都是basis.

 

【重点词汇】

paediatrics （n. 儿科学）

 

【句子翻译】直到20世纪，随着儿科学和心理学的发展，相关研究才得以在更加客观的基础上进行，尽管依然并不总是很科学。

 

【翻译练习】

中翻英：

1. 直到二十世纪末，随着科技的繁荣，人们才开始广泛使用电脑。

2. 我们应该考虑的是学生能力的提高，而不是他们记住了多少老师教的内容。

 

英翻中：But it was a chance stumbling upon a run-down, yet functional, laboratory in his late grandfather's home that solidified the young man's enthusiasm for chemistry. 

 

 

 

翻译答案：

1.      It was the prosperity in science and technology in the late 20th century that gave rise to the wide application of computers.

2.      It is the improvement of students’capabilities that should be considered rather than how much contents of what teachers have taught they memorize.