阅读部分是托福考试听、说、读、写四部分中考查的部分,也是最容易提高分数的部分,因而考生要想方设法提高这一部分的分数。下面南京新航道托福老师就向考生介绍攻克托福阅读的三字箴言——“直”、“细”、“巧”,希望对考生答题有所帮助。
一、直”的原则
所谓“直”,是指托福阅读出题思路直接,所有题目的答案几乎都可以在文章中找到非常明显的对应点。这一特点告诉考生,在解题时,一定要根据原文内容来解题,避免“小题大做”,不要人为地把题目想象得太复杂,否则就是自己给自己找麻烦。就拿考生最熟悉的细节题来说,托福阅读细节题的解题要点有两个:一是根据题干关键词回原文定位答案范围;二是将题目选项与原文语句相对照,正确选项往往是原文语句的同义替换。因此,考生在解题时,一定要对照选项与原文语句之间的异同,找出与原文语句意思最相似的选项,该选项往往就是正确答案。
二、细”的原则
所谓“细”,是指考生在利用题干关键词回原文定位答案范围时一定要细心。我们知道,考生在解答托福阅读题时,最常用到的解题方法就是利用题干中出现的关键词回原文定位答案范围,然后根据定位到的内容选出正确答案。由于题干中的有些关键词在原文中不止出现一次,因而考生一定要细心,找出原文中所有含该关键词的句子,然后再根据题干要求精确定位答案范围,进而选出正确答案。很多考生由于没有注意到这一点,导致定位错误进而导致答题错误,实在是有点可惜。以TPO(托福在线考试练习)的一道例题为例。
The question of ecosystem stability is complicated, however. The first problem is that ecologists do not all agree what stability" means Stability can be defined imply lack of change. In that case, the climax community would be considered the most stable, since, by definition, it changes the least over time. Alternatively, stability can be defined as the speed with which an cosystem retums to a particular form following a major disturbance, such as a fire. This kind of stability is also called resilience. In that case. climax communities would be the most fragile and the least stable, since they can require hundreds of years to return to the climax state.(TPO3 The Long- Term Stability of Ecosystems”的第四段).
6. According to paragraph 4, which ofthe following is true of climax comm.
A. They are more resilient th communitiesB.They can be considered both the most and the least stable communities.
C. They are stable because they recover quickly after major disturbances.
D. They are the most resilient commuities because they change the least over time.
解析:这道题是一道细节题,考生可回原文进行定位时,考生可根据原文中出现的特殊标点符号(如破折号、连字符、引号、括号等)、数字、专有名词等这些比较明显的提示进行跳读,题干的关键词以及题目的答案范围往往就出现在这些有明显提示信息的表达附近;由于阅读部分的考查点经常出现在有转折、比较、否定、因果等逻辑关系的地方,因而考生在定位答案范围时可根据这一点来进行精确定位。结合这三点,考生便能又快又准地找到出题人设计答案所依据的句子,最后再按照“直”的原则选择答案