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如何写好一篇雅思小作文?看这一篇就够了!

来源:      浏览:      发布日期:2023-02-17 16:29

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  如何写好一篇雅思小作文?看这一篇就够了!今天来介绍一下雅思小作文的写作技巧。文章有点长,内容可能有点多,请大家耐心看完。

  雅思大小作文比重:

  前面说过,雅思大小作文的占比是2:1,因此大作文的占比更高,但小作文也很重要。大家想要提高雅思分数,大小作文都必须要全力以赴。

  以下几种情况下,写作总分都是7分:

  如何写好一篇雅思小作文?看这一篇就够了!

  雅思小作文评分标准:

  小作文的评分标准可以看出,四个版块缺一不可,如果其中一个维度只拿6分,则需要在其他版块拿8分才能补回来,难度大大增加。

  因此小作文的得分要点就是各个版块的任务尽量做到均衡。

  

  下面我们挨个来说一下小作文的类型和得分技巧。

  01

  雅思小作文类型:

  小作文主要分为:柱状图、饼状图、线图、表格、流程图和地图。

  

  在数据图表的考察次数上,柱状图、表格各占26%,其次是折线图,占比20%。2022年这三类高频图表在动态、静态的归属上也与往年相似,折线图多设定为动态图,而55%的柱状图、表格都制作成为了静态图,值得注意的是,组合图中也多以静态图为主。

  柱状图(bar chart)

  

  线图(line chart)

  

  饼图(pie chart)

  

  表格(table)

  

  流程图(diagram)

  

  在2022年的小作文考题中,数据图表的出现次数远超非数据图表,在5月、6月、7月、8月各出现了1次流程图/地图的考题,其中流程图今年只出现了一次。

  对于地图题较少练习的同学可以使用剑9Test 1海岛建设和剑14 Test 4公园重建来作为练习参考。

  地图(map)

  

  接下来我们介绍每个小作文四个维度的得分要点,每个部分占据最后小作文分数的25%。

  01

  写作任务Task requirements

  小作文的写作任务,一般都在作文题目里明确提出。

  Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features.

  Make comparisons where relevant.

  Write at least 150 words.

  另外还有一个要求,就是给数据进行汇总,用一句话来概述全篇。

  1、找出数据的主要特征(main features)

  第一步,确定主要数据组

  例如这张线图,我们先挑选出以下主要趋势(main trends):

  

  总共有agriculture、energy and construction、manufacturing、services四个组别。

  其中上升最明显的是Services;

  整体上呈现下降趋势的是Agriculture、Energy and Construction;

  上下波动有升有降的是Manufacturing。

  通过分类,我们已经确定了最主要的趋势。

  注意,这里的main trends是指整体上的变化,先不管中间怎么变的,第一步只看整体上的升降和波动。

  第二步,选择关键特征

  这一步主要是确定最高点、最低点以及峰值和低谷。

       最高点:

  1910年Manufacturing是四项里面最高点;1930年开始往后Services一直是四项里面最高的。

  最低点:

  Agriculture、Energy and Construction

  峰值(peaks):

  1950年的Manufacturing

  谷点(troughs):

  没有

  2、对比数据(make comparisons)

  第一步,查找关键相似之处

  Agriculture, Energy and construction两组数据几乎一样,相似度很高,可以放在一起描述。

  第二步,找出关键差异

  Services呈现不同的趋势,可以作为对比进行说明。

  3、总结信息给出概述

  Overall, the services industry experienced the fastest growth — by the end of the period, it employed more people than the other three sectors combined. In contrast, fewer people worked in agriculture, energy and construction, and manufacturing in 2010 than in 1910.

  总体而言,服务业经历了最快的增长——到本期结束时,其雇佣的人数超过了其他三个行业的总和。相比之下,2010年从事农业、能源和建筑业以及制造业的人比1910年变少。

  注意:概述不需要给出中间的变化细节,只需要描述整体趋势即可。

  4、常见丢分点:

  前面说到了小作文的基本要求,实际操作过程中,需要注意的点还有很多,下面就给大家说一下一些隐含的作文要求。

  丢分点1:没有清晰的数据概述overview

  前面已经提到这一点,概述很重要,一般在首句,主要描述整体趋势变化,细节可以忽略。

  丢分点2:没有写满150字

  这一点不需要多说,一般字数在160-180最好,超过200字不会导致丢分,但是会占用你写大作文的时间。

  丢分点3:没有数据支撑

  图标中给出的数据就是让你描述的,如果仅描述数据,或者仅给出趋势,都会导致丢分。没有数据:

  The services sector was the largest employer between 1930 and 2010.

  有数据:

  The largest sector between 1930 and 2010 was services, which employed 10 and 20 million workers respectively.

  丢分点4:没有覆盖全部指标

  前面的线状图中,一共有四个指标:1. agriculture2. energy and construction3. manufacturing4. services有的考生考试的时候可能会觉得下面两根线实在太过于一致,所以只写了一个。这种情况在task achievement版块只能拿到4分。

  丢分点5:没有涵盖所有的主要特征

  

  还是这张图,如果是单纯的描述数据,没有分析和描述主要趋势和变化,只能拿5分!

      错误示范:只是描述数据,没有写出主要变化。

  Around five million people were employed in the manufacturing sector in 1920. The figure grew to about eight million in 1950 and after that declined to around six million in 1970 and only four million in 2010.

  1920年,约有500万人在制造业就业。1950年,这一数字增长至约800万,此后,1970年下降至约600万,2010年仅为400万。

  正确示范:不仅描述出主要变化,并给出数据支撑:

  Manufacturing was the dominant industry at the beginning of the period, employing over five million people. It continued to grow until 1950 when it peaked at approximately eight million people before falling into decline.

  制造业是这一时期初期的主导产业,雇用了500多万人。这个数据一直在增长,直到1950年达到峰值,大约有800万人,然后下降。

  丢分点6:给自己的观点&原因

  Manufacturing was the dominant industry at the beginning of the period because innovation led to revolutionary changes in manufacturing. (reasons)

  It is not surprising that manufacturing was the dominant industry at the beginning of the period, employing over five million people. (opinion)

  丢分点7:写错数字、单位

  

  Services overtook manufacturing to become the largest employer by 1930 with just over 20 million workers. (应该是10 million)

  Construction gradually shrank to providing jobs to under two thousand people in 2010.

  (应该是million)

  丢分点8:写错时态

  

  该地图给出的是现在和2030年也就是将来的地图变化,因此要用一般将来时。

  错误示范:

  The school acquires new territory to the north to enable further extension.

  正确示范:

  The school will acquire new territory to the north to enable further extension.

  02

  衔接与连贯Coherence and cohesion

  1、衔接Coherence

  Coherence是指作文段落的分布、承接以及逻辑是否严谨,最重要的就是作文的分段和结构。小作文的结构一般分为三个段落,但是具体操作中也可以根据情况进行灵活处理。(后面会给出例子)

  introduction+overview

  Body paragraph 1

  Body paragraph 2

  Body paragraph 3 (有必要可以添加)

  具体如何规划?可以根据任务的情况来定。例如下面任务是三个地图,Body paragraph可以分为三个段落:

  第一段:introduction+overview

  第二段:1980年

  第三段:now

  第四段:2030年

  在比如下面这个流程图,可以按照地上(overground)和地下(underground)两个部分来写,分2段。

  第一段:introduction+overview

  第二段:overground

  第三段:underground

  还是这个图我们按照这样的方法进行分段:

  第一段:introduction+overview

  第二段:变化明显的数据 (services, manufacturing)

  第三段:变化不明显的数据(agriculture, energy and construction)

  或者

  第一段:introduction+overview

  第二段:增长的数据 (Services)

  第三段:下降的数据(agriculture, energy and construction)

  第四段:上下波动的数据(Manufacturing)

  2、连贯cohesion

  cohesion更侧重于句子的连贯和流畅性,前面我们介绍过大作文的cohesion,这里的方法是相似的。

  使用介词/代词代指人、物:

  it

  he

  their

  which

  By 1990 a new museum had been built to the north of the school. It(代指museum) was more than double the size of the old one.

  很显然,这里如果还是用museum就会显得很冗余。

  The sports field was halved in size to accommodate the playground, which(which引导非限制性定语从句) was relocated to provide more space for the expanded car park.

  使用代词代指趋势:

  Between 1970 and 1980, car production doubled. This rapid growth continued until 2000 when production peaked at five million units a year.

  This rapid growth代指前面提到的整句话。

  Cold water is pumped underground to a depth of 4.5 km. Once the water reaches this level, it accumulates heat from the hot rocks located in this area.

  this area代指前面提到的underground

  使用连接词:

  灵活使用连接词,可以使句子更连贯。

  and

  however

  moreover

  besides

  although

  whereas

  in contrast

  similarly

  未使用连接词:

  The services sector experienced the fastest growth. Fewer people worked in manufacturing in 2010 than in 1910.

  使用连接词:

  The services sector experienced the fastest growth. In contrast, fewer people worked in manufacturing in 2010 than in 1910.

  未使用连接词:

  Brazil and the USA produce mainly oranges. China favours tangerines.

  使用连接词:

  Although Brazil and the USA produce mainly oranges, China favours tangerines.

  Brazil and the USA produce mainly oranges, whereas China favours tangerines.

  03

  词汇Lexical resource

  避免不必要的单词重复

  Consumption of oranges has increased.

  Consumption of oranges has also increased.

  这里的increase明显重复了,可以用同义词代替increase,例如:has risen/gone up或者改写句子:

  Today people consume/eat more oranges than in the past.

  注意,oranges、oranges都是作文中给出的指标项,不用改写这类单词。

  1、使用同义词synonyms

  The chart shows…

  The graph illustrates…

  The line graph provides information on…

  Student numbers went down/fell/declined. The student-to-staff ratio decreased.

  2、转述和改写:

       

  3、使用不同的词性

  名词和动词:

  production (noun) 生产;制造;

  to produce (verb) 生产;制造

  a producer (noun) 生产商;制造商;产地

  名词动词和形容词:

  growth (noun) 增长

  to grow (verb) 增长

  growing (adj) 增长

  4、避免使用不常见的“fancy words”

  尽量用:

  a percentage

  to differ

  to increase

  不要用:

  to juxtapose

  obsequious

  serendipity

  5、多用collocation

  

  6、选择正确的单词:

  Teenagers play basketball√

  Juveniles play basketball(这里不能用juveniles)

  juvenile的正确用法是:

  juvenile offenders少年犯

  juvenile crime青少年犯罪

  04

  语法Grammatical range and accuracy

  1、语法种类:时态:

  The most popular type of transportation in 1960 was the automobile. (一般过去时past simple)

  The car had become the most popular type of transportation by 1960. (过去完成时past perfect)

  主动和被动语态:

  Builders extended the school building in 1990. (主动语态active voice)

  The school building was extended in 1990. (被动语态passive voice)

  复合句:

  By 1980, the tourism industry had become the largest sector. It employed just over 20 million workers.

  By 1980, the tourism industry had become the largest sector with just over 20 million workers employed. (with表伴随)

  从句:

  Manufacturing continued to grow until 1950. That year it peaked at approximately eight million people employed.

  Manufacturing continued to grow until 1950 when it peaked at approximately eight million people employed. (when引导的时间状语从句)

  Manufacturing, which was the dominant industry at the beginning of the period, continued to grow until 1950 when it peaked at approximately eight million people employed. (which引导非限制性定语从句)

  2、语法准确度:

  时态准确度:

  

  注意介词的准确:

  

  In 2030, the school will occupy a larger territory. (一般将来时)

  By 2030, the car park will have been doubled in size. (将来完成式+被动语态)

       来源:高顿雅思屠鸭计划

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