托福阅读易错题解析 | 托福TPO 42 P3

         托福阅读易错题解析 | 托福TPO 42 P3。托福阅读易错题解读来啦，依据新航道专业阅读教学团队多年的教学经验和官方数据筛选题目，并详尽整理出了学生答题时常见的误区及的规避策略。参加托福考试的同学们赶快学习起来吧!

易错题解析来啦

　　Question

　　TPO 42 P3

　　Why is Ganymede different from Callisto? Possibly the small difference in size and internal heating between the two led to this divergence in their evolution. But more likely the gravity of Jupiter is to blame for Ganymede's continuing geological activity. Ganymede is close enough to Jupiter that tidal forces from the giant planet may have episodically heated its interior and triggered major convulsions on its crust.

　　11. According to paragraph 6, the differences in how Callisto and Ganymede evolved are most probably due to differences in their ______.

　　A. size and internal heating

　　B. distance from Jupiter

　　C. chemical and physical composition

　　D. age

　　思路解析

　　题目类型：细节题

　　干扰选项：A

　　干扰类型：答非所问

　　A选项意思 大小和内部加热。该选项对应原文红体字部分(Possibly the small difference in size and internal heating)。这个选项原文中是能够找到出处的，且意思没错，但是题目中问的是most probably due to...，也就是问的是最可能是因为什么?但是A选项对应的那句是一种可能性，但是原文中后面提到，大小和内部加热没有地质活动那么重要。仔细看选项，发现没有和地质活动相关的选项，所以要继续往后看，看到Ganymede is close enough to Jupiter that tidal forces from the giant planet may have episodically heated its interior and triggered major convulsions on its crust.

　　也就是Ganymede距离Jupiter木星足够近，以至于这颗巨行星的潮汐力可能周期性地加热其内部，并引发其地壳的剧烈变化。由此我们知道地质活动是因为Ganymede与木星的距离近。

　　误选原因：

　　学生会误选A选项，是因为审题中忽略了最词most，以及漏读了段落最后两句话。而是直接找Callisto和Ganymede的不同的可能原因，看到了原文第二句话提到了尺寸和内部热是可能的原因，就没有再往后一句话去读，从而出现了遗漏部分重要信息，导致出错。

　　正确思路：

　　要想很好的规避这种干扰项，正确的做题流程是：审题(关键词不能漏，名词，动词，形容词，疑问词都很重要) → 看原文找答案句群(要读完题干相关的句子，一般为1-3句话)→ 选与答案句同义替换的选项。

　　在本题中，看到the differences in how Callisto and Ganymede evolved are most probably due to,注意到most，这时候有警觉一下，可能在原来的段落中应该提到了不止一种原因，那就要看作者说到哪个原因更重要，接着就去找讲到了 Callisto和Ganymede的进化不同的原因的句子，也就是原来段落中蓝色部分发现第三句到了更重要，然后第四句详细解释第三句，由此得出答案是主要是因为G与木星的距离而导致的进化的不同，所以选择B答案

　　而另外的C,D选项，原文中都没有提及过，所以不选。

　　由此我们可以知道仔细审题干多个关键词的重要性，这些关键词除了名词之外，也要注意极端词，形容词，动词等，另外就是把包含题干相关内容的意群看完整的重要性。接着来做一个练习来验证一下是否掌握以及能否举一反三。

　　真题演练

　　In paragraph 7, the author suggests that most species of organisms

　　A. are primarily opportunists

　　B. are primarily competitors

　　C. begin as opportunists and evolve into competitors

　　D. have some characteristics of opportunists and some of competitors

　　paragraph 7 ：

　　The opposite of an opportunist is a competitor. These organisms tend to have big bodies, are long-lived, and spend relatively little effort each year on reproduction. An oak tree is a good example of a competitor. A massive oak claims its ground for 200 years or more, outcompeting all other would-be canopy trees by casting a dense shade and drawing up any free water in the soil. The leaves of an oak tree taste foul because they are rich in tannins, a chemical that renders them distasteful or indigestible to many organisms. The tannins are part of the defense mechanism that is essential to longevity. Although oaks produce thousands of acorns, the investment in a crop of acorns is small compared with the energy spent on building leaves, trunk, and roots. Once an oak tree becomes established, it is likely to survive minor cycles of drought and even fire. A population of oaks is likely to be relatively stable through time, and its survival is likely to depend more on its ability to withstand the pressures of competition or predation than on its ability to take advantage of chance events. It should be noted, however, that the pure opportunist or pure competitor is rare in nature, as most species fall between the extremes of a continuum, exhibiting a blend of some opportunistic and some competitive characteristics.

　　题目类型：细节题

　　干扰选项：B

　　干扰类型：答非所问

　　正确答案：D

　　做题分析：

　　本题中主要就是要注意题干中的most species，从而定位到最后一句话 It should be noted, however, that the pure opportunist or pure competitor is rare in nature, as most species fall between the extremes of a continuum, exhibiting a blend of some opportunistic and some competitive characteristics.

　　翻译为：然而，纯粹的机会主义者或纯粹的竞争者在自然界中是罕见的，因为大多数物种都处于一个连续体的两极之间，表现出某些机会主义和某些竞争特征的混合。

　　而确定答案为D选项，如果没有仔细审题，可能就会看到An oak tree is a good example of a competitor. 从而选到了B选项。

　　总而言之，细节题要求我们在审题时要仔细，定位时不能遗漏任何信息，并且在进行同义替换时要能够辨认出核心要点。这类题目对基本功和细心程度的要求都很高，因此大家平时应注意提高练习时的专注度以及增强词汇和句子的理解能力，多做练习并不断总结经验！

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