雅思阅读有大量句式复杂、难以理解掌握的长难句。下面新航道雅思培训小编为大家搜集整理的这篇文章就是教你如何分析雅思阅读长难句,希望对大家的备考有帮助。
一、简单句
简单句在雅思阅读中不一定是同学们想的那么简短,对于难度较大的简单句,阅读的基本方法是确定句子的主、谓、宾,找出句子的主干,忽略其他的成分,将长句变成短句,将句型结构复杂的句子变成句型结构简单的句子。
例:At various points in evolutionary(有事业心的,有胆量的)history, enterprising individuals within many different animal groups moved out onto the land, sometimes even to the most parched(炎热的,干旱的) deserts, taking their own private seawater with them in blood and cellular(细胞的) fluids.
这句话的结构很简单,就是主谓宾:主语是individuals,谓语是 moved out,宾语是the land, the most parched deserts。但是由于添加了一些状语,一些修饰语——例如within介词短语修饰individuals,taking短语做伴随状语,使整个句子看起来结构复杂。
二、倒装句
在英语当中,主语和谓语有两种顺序:一种和汉语一致,即主语在前;另外一种顺序是谓语在主语前面,即倒装。阅读中一般会出现以not only等否定连词和never, seldom rarely, hardly等否定副词引导的倒装句。理解倒装句,就要把它转换成普通语句,把倒装语序还原为自然语序,在自然语序下理解句子。
eg. Halfway across the room, a small pistol in his hand, stood a man.
全句只有1个谓语动词:stood。本句是完全倒装结构,按正常语序应该是:A small pistol in his hand, a man stood halfway across the room. 其中,a small pistol in his hand是一个独立主格结构,修饰主语man。翻译为:一名男子站在屋子中间,手里拿着一支手枪。
三、各种从句
从句不能单独成句,但它也有主语部分和谓语部分,就像一个句子一样。从句可以分为:主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句、定语从句和状语从句6类。前四类从句在句子的功用相当于名词,所以通称名词性从句;定语从句功能相当于形容词,称为形容词性从句;而状语从句功能相当于副词,称为副词性从句。
例: Second, we make a very conservative assumption that we are looking for a life
form that is pretty well like us, since if it differs radically from us we
may well not recognise it as a life form, quite apart from whether we are
able to communicate with it.
这句话的主干是we make a very conservative assumption that…that…since if…whether…。个That引导的从句作assumption的同位语,第二个that引导定语从句修饰a life form,since引导时间状语从句,if引导条件状语从句。
四、插入语结构
插入语一般是对句子的某个成分的解释或补充说明,前后有逗号与其他句子成分分开,比较容易识别。处理插入语的基本办法是先略去不读,直接跳过两个逗号之间的内容,使插入语结构前后意思顺畅。
例:The International Institute of Noise Control Engineering (l-INCE), on the advice of the World Health Organization, has established an international working party, which includes New Zealand, to evaluate noise and reverberation(混响,反射) control for school rooms.
这句话的主语很长The International Institute of Noise Control Engineering (l-INCE),谓语是has established,宾语是an international working party,on the advice of…是插入语,which引导非限制性定语从句修饰an international working party。
以上就是新航道小编和大家分享的如何分析雅思阅读长难句,以上罗列的几种句型都是考试中常见的,同学们在练习中也可以多留意,在碰到长难句时,运用这些方法进行分析。最后,南京新航道小编预祝大家在雅思考试中都能取得好成绩!