雅思阅读真题解析-剑16Test1Passage2-The Step Pyramid of Djoser标题配对题
雅思阅读真题解析-剑16Test1Passage2-The Step Pyramid of Djoser标题配对题?
Q14-20：
这个解析一定要从头看到尾，不然你get不到它的精髓！
看段落之前，我们先读选项进行分析，希望各位同学也是按照这个思路去做。
i
The areas and artefacts within the pyramid itself
分析
选这个标题的前提是段落中提到了within the pyramid，而且areas 和artefacts【手工制品】需要出现具体的内容，比如说金字塔里有一个大房间，有一个小房间，小房间里有一本书，书上印着八卦（这些对应areas）；金子塔里有五千年前的陈醋，印着魔咒的和田玉...（这些对应artefacts）
ii
A difficult taskfor those involved
分析
这个标题中的difficult task对应具体的人物，一般难度是有劳动力需求，技术要求和时间所决定的，所以可能会出现这个项目的时间周期，需要的劳动力和需要的器械和材料等。
iii
A king who saved his people
分析
这个标题中的a king要对应具体国王的名字，这篇文章很有可能是Djoser这个国王，所以我们要关注有没有save对应的信息。
iv
A single certainty among other less definite facts
分析
这里要出现多个因素之间的并列和其中一个具体因素之间的比较。比如金字塔什么时候建造的，用了多久，多少人，用了什么样的器械等，其中有一项是确定。
v
An overview of the external buildings and areas
分析
这个标题中的overview【概观】可以忽略，因为文章的段落篇幅不足以详细描述，所以给我们的信息一般都是一个概括性的描述。所以我们的重点放在外围的建筑和区域的描述，看到这个你应该能想起，标题i 中提到的是金字塔内部的区域和艺术品的描述，现在标题v 提到的是金字塔外部的描述。
vi
A pyramid design that others copied
分析
这个标题中的pyramid design对应具体的形状和构造，other copied对应后来的人们。因为说的是模仿，所以只能是后来的人模仿，如果这个标题能选，那么段落中要出现模仿者的名字和他们生活的时代。
vii
An idea for changing the design of burial structures
分析
这里的idea对应具体的想法，其实这个想法的目的就是改变设计，所以我们关注改变设计这一点。既然有变化，那么一定会有以前的设计和新的设计的描述，以及它们之间的比较。
viii
An incredible experience despite the few remains
分析
标题中的incredible可能会改写 unbelievable/amazing
/surprising等词，experience对应具体的一件事：谁做/遇到了什么事；few remains这里的指的应该是墓穴里剩下的那些物品，还记得判断题最后一道题吧？
ix
The answers to some unexpected questions
分析
标题中的answers很有可能靠后出现，一般跟着found【发现】或it turns out 【结果发现】等内容出现；unexpected 在原文中可能会对unbelievable/amazing/surprising等改写，questions对应，一般出现疑问句。
答案
A
The pyramids are the most famous monuments of ancient Egypt and still hold enormous interest for people in the present day. These grand, impressive tributes to the memory of the Egyptian kings have become linked with the country even though other cultures, such as the Chinese and Mayan, also built pyramids. The evolution of the pyramid form has been written and argued about for centuries.However, there is no question that, as far as Egypt is concerned, it began with one monument to one king designed by one brilliant architect: the Step Pyramid of Djoser at Saqqara.
分析
前两句是pyramid的定义，标题没有相关的信息。最后一句出现了转折，后边可能是重点。这句话里的one monument—one king这些名词要在原文中有对应的内容，而且这里说的是it began with,也就是Egypt的pyramid从这里开始的。看标题找monument, king和begin with 相关的标题有：
vi A pyramid design that others copied
而且只有这个。这里指的pyramid是monument,也就是冒号后边的the Step Pyramid of Djoser at Saqqara。标题中的others copied【别人模仿】换过角度说就是‘他开的头，别人学他’，对应原文中的it begin with，所以A段选vi。
B
Djoser was the first king of the Third Dynasty of Egypt and the first to build in stone. Prior to Djoser’s reign, tombs were rectangular monuments made of dried clay brick, which covered underground passages where the deceased person was buried. For reasons which remain unclear, Djoser’s main official, whose name was Imhotep, conceived of building a taller, more impressive tomb for his king by stacking stone slabs on top of one another, progressively making them smaller, to form the shape now known as the Step Pyramid. Djoser is thought to have reigned for 19 years, but some historians and scholars attribute a much longer time for his rule, owing to the number and size of the monuments he built.
分析
第 一句提到了king, first, stone。第二句提到了prior to, clay brick。这里明显有个比较，也就是prior to【在...之前】，一旦提到了之前，那么肯定会有之后。第二句说的是之前的tomb都made of dried clay brick，这里突出的是材质，前一句中说的是材质，也就是Djoser这个king开始用stone建造tomb了。
我们带着两种材质和材质之间的迭代，很容易发现这个跟变化相关的，那么可以对应的标题有：
vii An idea for changing the design of burial structures
这里我们找到了changing the design，虽然有change，但是design和材质感觉有点牵强，可以往后看一下。For reasons which remain unclear这句可以看到这么个描述：
...Djoser’s main official, whose name was Imhotep... to form the shape now known as the Step Pyramid这里出现了shape，能看出来Imhotep不仅改了材质，他把形状也改成了the Step Pyramid。所以答案是vii。
C
The Step Pyramid has been thoroughly examined and investigated over the last century, and it is now known that the building process went through many different stages. Historian Marc Van de Mieroop comments on this, writing ‘Much experimentation was involved, which is especially clear in the construction of the pyramid in the center of the complex. It had several plans ... before it became the first Step Pyramid in history, piling six levels on top of one another ... The weight of the enormous mass was a challenge for the builders, who placed the stones at an inward incline in order to prevent the monument breaking up.’
这段第 一句后半句说的it is now known that表示一个发现，我们带着发现看标题就可以了，可以对应的标题有：
ix The answers to some unexpected questions
但是这句话和下一句都没有unexpected questions对应的信息，所以就放手吧，不要硬套了。
It had several plans ... before it became the first Step Pyramid in history, piling six levels on top of one another ... The weight of the enormous mass was a challenge for the builders, who placed the stones at an inward incline in order to prevent the monument breaking up.’
我们看后两句发现第二句中有...enormous mass was a challenge...可以对应另一个标题：
ii A difficult task for thoseinvolved
这个标题中的difficult对应原文中的a challenge，task 对应...placed the stones at an inward incline..., 标题中的those【那些人】对应原文中的builders，而且这些内容都在一句话里，也就是标题是这句话的概括，所以答案是ii。
D
When finally completed, the Step Pyramid rose 62 meters high and was the tallest structure of its time. The complex in which it was built was the size of a city in ancient Egypt and included a temple, courtyards, shrines, and living quarters for the priests. It covered a region of 16 hectares and was surrounded by a wall 10.5 meters high. The wall had 13 false doors cut into it with only one true entrance cut into the south-east corner; the entire wall was then ringed by a trench 750 meters long and 40 meters wide. The false doors and the trench were incorporated into the complex to discourage unwanted visitors. If someone wished to enter, he or she would have needed to know in advance how to find the location of the true opening in the wall. Djoser was so proud of his accomplishment that he broke the tradition of having only his own name on the monument and had Imhotep’s name carved on it as well.
这段第 一句是金字塔的构造，第二句话描述的是金字塔外边的东西，多个并列的单词能看出作者在详细描述。可以对应的标题有：
v An overview of the external buildings and areas
标题中的external building对应原文中的temple, courtyards, shrines, and living quarters for the priests，areas可以对应下一句的It covered a region of 16 hectares and was surrounded by a wall 10.5 meters high.尤其是这句中的a region of 16 hectares【16公顷的规模】，所以D段选v。
E
The burial chamber of the tomb, where the king’s body was laid to rest, was dug beneath the base of the pyramid, surrounded by a vast maze of long tunnels that had rooms off them to discourage robbers. One of the most mysterious discoveries found inside the pyramid was a large number of stone vessels. Over 40,000 of these vessels, of various forms and shapes, were discovered in storerooms olf the pyramid’s underground passages. They are inscribed with the names of rulers from the First and Second Dynasties of Egypt and made from different kinds of stone. There is no agreement among scholars and archaeologists on why the vessels were placed in the tomb of Djoser or what they were supposed to represent. The archaeologist Jean-Philippe Lauer, who excavated most of the pyramid and complex, believes they were originally stored and then given a ‘proper burial’by Djoser in his pyramid to honor his predecessors. There are other historians, however, who claim the vessels were dumped into the shafts as yet another attempt to prevent grave robbers from getting to the king’s burial chamber.
外边说完了，该说里边了，我们看一下是不是。第 一句中的The burial chamber of the tomb...和第二句中的...discoveries found inside the pyramid ...能看出来这段在讲述金字塔的内部，对应的标题有：
i The areas and artefactswithin the pyramid itself
我们刚说了第二句中的inside the pyramid对应标题中的within the pyramid itself。我们找一下areas and artefacts对应的信息。
第 一句中的... where the king’s body ...beneath ...surrounded by 能够看出来作者在讲述空间或方位，这个描述对应areas。第二句中的...large number of stone vessels...对应标题中的artefacts【手工制品】，如果你想知道那里边还有什么，那可以往后看，但是单纯做题的话，到这里就可以确定答案了，答案是i。
F
Unfortunately, all of the precautions and intricate design of the underground network did not prevent ancient robbers from finding a way in. Djoser’s grave goods, and even his body, were stolen at some point in the past and all archaeologists found were a small number of his valuables overlooked by the thieves. There was enough left throughout the pyramid and its complex, however, to astonish and amaze the archaeologists who excavated it.
这段前两句中讲的是盗墓笔记，标题没有对应的信息。这段最后一句有转折，可能是重点。这一句中的There was enough left throughout the pyramid and its complex可以看出对应的标题有：
viiiAn incredible experiencedespite the few remains
这里的There was enough left对应的标题中的the few remains 【所剩无几的遗留物】,（内容改写有点偏差），原文中的however对应标题中的despite【尽管】,原文中的
to astonish and amaze the archaeologists【考古学家感到震惊了】对应标题中的incredible experience【难以置信的经历】，所以答案是viii。
G
Egyptologist Miroslav Verner writes, ‘Few monuments hold a place in human history as significant as that of the Step Pyramid in Saqqara ... It can be said without exaggeration that this pyramid complex constitutes a milestone in the evolution of monumental stone architecture in Egypt and in the world as a whole.’The Step Pyramid was a revolutionary advance in architecture and became the archetype which all the other great pyramid builders of Egypt would follow.
这段的前两句说的是金字塔的意义，而最后一句对这个意义进行了总结，我们看最后一句就可以了。最后一句中的... became the archetype ...builders of Egypt would follow.
看到这里就尴尬了，这个段落对应的才是那个模仿的标题吧？
我们再拿viA pyramid designthat others copied看一下。
原文中的The Step Pyramid was a revolutionary advance in architecture and became the archetype【原型】可以对应标题中的design，原文中的all the other great pyramid builders of Egypt would follow对应标题中的others copied，所以G段才选vi。
我们现在回到刚才的A段看一下
A The pyramids are the most famous monuments of ancient Egypt and still hold enormous interest for people in the present day. These grand, impressive tributes to the memory of the Egyptian kings have become linked with the country even though other cultures, such as the Chinese and Mayan, also built pyramids. The evolution of the pyramid form has been written and argued about for centuries.However, there is no question that, as far as Egypt is concerned, it began with one monument to one king designed by one brilliant architect: the Step Pyramid of Djoser at Saqqara.
这里我们少看了一句，however前面的一句。前一句的The evolution of the pyramid ... written and argued about for centuries这里能看出来这是争论的问题。争论的问题对立面是毋容置疑的答案，所以转折后边应该有答案。看下一句的时候有there is no question that【...是毋容置疑的】，我们带着这个内容看标题，对应的标题有：
iv A single certainty among other less definite facts
ix The answers to some unexpected questions
这两个标题中的single certainty和answers都可以对应there is no question that 后边跟着的内容，但是ix中的unexpected questions是不对的，这里明确提到了专家争论的问题是：evolution of the pyramid form, 所以ix不能选。标题iv中的single certanity对应原文中的as far as Egypt is concerned, it began with one monument to one king designed by one brilliant architect: the Step Pyramid of Djoser at Saqqara.
也就是埃及的金字塔建造是从Djoser开始的这点是毋容置疑的。
所以做题过程中一开始出现一些问题是很正常的，做题过程中可能会遇到更有说服力的内容，我们可以把答案改过来。我做题的时候也会遇到类似的问题，我觉得很正常，我没有封自己为雅思神父或雅思皇太后，所以犯错是正常的，不用觉得尴尬。
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