雅思阅读真题解析-剑16Test1Passage3-The future of work单选题
雅思阅读真题解析-剑16Test1Passage3-The future of work单选题
单选题
Q 27
The first paragraph tells us about
Athe kinds of jobs that will be most affected by the growth of Al.
Bthe extent to which Al will alter the nature of the work that people do.
Cthe proportion of the world’s labour force who will have jobs in Al in the future.
Dthe difference between ways that embodied and disembodied Al will impact on workers.
分析
题干中可以划的定位词有first paragraph, 题干问的是第 一段讲的点，一般讲的是这段的主要内容，这时候我们看第 一句和最后一句就可以，解释，举例说明都要跳过。
定位
1According to a leading business consultancy, 3-14% of the global workforce will need to switch to a different occupation within the next 10-15 years, and all workers will need to adapt as their occupations evolve alongside increasingly capable machines. Automation - or ‘embodied artificial intelligence’(AI) - is one aspect of the disruptive effects of technology on the labour market. ‘Disembodied AI’, like the algorithms running in our smartphones, is another.
答案
上文第 一句中according to【据...说】意味着后边是声明的内容。前半句是3-14% of the global workforce will need to switch to a different occupation within the next 10-15 years。这句话可以简化为3-14% of workforce---switch to—different occupation这种关键词站的关系。我们带着这个逻辑关系跟选项对应。
A the kinds of jobs that will be most affected by the growth of Al.
这个选项可以简化为：kinds of jobs之间的比较，原文没有工作之间的比较，只是提到了会发生变化的占比数，所以这个选项是NOT GIVEN。
B the extent to which Al will alter the nature of the work that people do.
这个选项可以简化为：AI—alter—nature of the work
这个选项中的alter对应原文中的switch to【切换到...；改变到...】, nature of work 对应原文中的different occupation，这时候我们在找抽象词extent【程度】在原文中对应的内容（先找具体关键词的对应关系，这样更容易），extent在原文中对应3-14%。这个选项中没有AI，但下一句中的Automation - or ‘embodied artificial intelligence’(AI) - is one aspect of the disruptive effects of technology on the labour market.这句话是导致前一句中影响的原因，所以答案是B。
C the proportion of the world’s labour force who will have jobs in Al in the future.
这个选项可以简化为：proportion of labour force—have jobs—AI
这里你会发现一个明显的问题，have jobs和原文中的switch to【切换到...】对应不上， 所以这个选项是NOT GIVEN。
D the difference between ways that embodied and disembodied Al will impact on workers.
这个选项可以简化为：difference between ways，往后不用看了，这个选项讲的是不同方式（方法）之间的比较。原文中没有提到方式和比较，所以这个选项是NOT GIVEN。
Q28
According to the second paragraph, what is Stella Pachidi’s view of the ‘knowledge economy’?
AIt is having an influence on the number of jobs available.
BIt is changing people’s attitudes towards their occupations.
CIt is the main reason why the production sector is declining.
DIt is a key factor driving current developments in the workplace.
分析
题干中可以划的定位有second paragraph, Stella Pachidi和‘knowledge economy’。我们在原文中找出Stella Pachidi说的话，再找这句话的改写即可。
定位
2Dr Stella Pachidi from Cambridge Judge Business School believes that some of the most fundamental changes are happening as a result of the ‘algorithmication’ of jobs that are dependent on data rather than on production - the so-called knowledge economy. Algorithms are capable of learning from data to undertake tasks that previously needed human judgement, such as reading legal contracts, analysing medical scans and gathering market intelligence.
答案
第 一句中出现了定位词Dr Stella Pachidi，这句中的believes对应题干中的view,所以that往后的内容就是答案。...some of the most fundamental changes are happening as a result of the‘algorithmication’of jobs that are dependent on data rather than on production - the so-called knowledge economy.这句划可以简化为：changes—jobs—data；not jobs—producton。所以选项要有跟changes对应的信息，而且这个change是跟data相关的job里发生的，而不是production相关的job里发生的，而这个现象叫knowledge economy。
四个选项中都有it指代knowledge economy，所以我们不用考虑这个词。
A It is having an influence on the number of jobs available.
这个选项可以简化为：influence—number of jobs
原文中说的是change发生的job的种类，是data相关的job，而不是production相关的，所以数量没有提到，这个选项是NOT GIVEN。
B It is changing people’s attitudes towards their occupations.
这个选项可以简化为：changing attitudes—occupation。选项说的是change发生的job的种类，而不是人们对观点，所以这个选项是NOT GIVEN。
C It is the main reason why the production sector is declining.
这个选项可以简化为：reason—production sector declining, 原文中说的production 相关的job没有change。所以这个选项也是NOT GIVEN。
D It is a key factor driving current developments in the workplace.
这个选项可以简化为：it--current developments, 四个选项中都有it,所以不用考虑knowledge economy。这个选项中的current developments对应原文中的fundamental changes。这个选项中的main reason对应原文中的as a result of， 所以答案是D。
29
What did Pachidi observe at the telecommunications company?
Astaff disagreeing with the recommendations of Al
Bstaff feeling resentful about the intrusion of Al in their work
Cstaff making sure that Al produces the results that they want
Dstaff allowing Al to carry out tasks they ought to do themselves
分析
题干中可以划定位词的有telecommunications company。在原文中要找到题干中的observe对应的词，紧跟其后的内容就是答案。
定位
5Another issue is the extent to which the technology influences or even controls the workforce. For over two years, Pachidi monitored a telecommunications company. ‘The way telecoms salespeople work is through personal and frequent contact with clients, using the benefit of experience to assess a situation and reach a decision. However, the company had started using a[n] ... algorithm that defined when account managers should contact certain customers about which kinds of campaigns and what to offer them.’
答案
上文第二句中的monitored【观察】对应题干中的observe。他们观察的结果是however这句话：However, the company had started using a[n] ... algorithm that defined when account managers should contact certain customers about which kinds of campaigns and what to offer them.’这句中when是状语从句，我们先看主句：the company had started using a[n] ... algorithm,这句话可以简化为：company—started using—algorithm。这句中的company对应四个选项中都出现的staff。
A staff disagreeing with the recommendations of Al
这个选项中的disagree【不同意】与选项中的started using【开始使用】是矛盾的，所以这个选项是FALSE。
B staff feeling resentful about the intrusion of Al in their work
这个选项中的resentful【怀恨】与原文中的started using【开始使用】是矛盾的，所以这个选项是FALSE。
C staff making sure that Al produces the results that they want
这个选项中的making sure【确保】原文中没有对应的内容，选项中的AI对应algorithm， 选项中的produces【生成】对应原文中的defined【确定】，选项中的the results they want 对应原文中defined后边的内容：when account managers should contact certain customers about which kinds of campaigns and what to offer them， 所以答案是C。
D staff allowing Al to carry out tasks they ought to do themselves
这个选项中allowing【允许...】对应原文中的started using【开始使用】,选项中的carry out【执行】与原文中的define【确定】对应不上。原文的意思是AI确定任务，而不是执行任务，所以这个选项是NOT GIVEN。
30
In his recently published research, Ewan McGaughey
Achallenges the idea that redundancy is a negative thing.
Bshows the profound effect of mass unemployment on society.
Chighlights some differences between past and future job losses.
Dillustrates how changes in the job market can be successfully handled.
分析
题干中可以划定位词的有recently published research 和Ewan McGaughey，我们在原文中找到这个人以后紧跟其后的动作和所做的事就是答案。
定位
12 His recently published research answers the question of whether automation, AI and robotics will mean a ‘jobless future’by looking at the causes of unemployment. ‘History is clear that change can mean redundancies. But social policies can tackle this through retraining and redeployment.’
答案
原文第 一句His recently published research answers the question of whether automation, AI and robotics will mean a ‘jobless future’by looking at the causes of unemployment.就是题干对应的内容。这句可以简化为：answers-the question—automation—jobless future
重点是answer 和question，这些有对应了以后再找automation和job的对应。
A challenges the idea that redundancy is a negative thing.
这个选项的challenges和原文中的answers么有必然的联系，所以答案是NOT GIVEN。
B shows the profound effect of mass unemployment on society.
这个选项中的shows可以对应answers, 但这句话的重点是unemployment和society的关系，与原文automation—job对应不上，答案是NOT GIVEN。
C highlights some differences between past and future job losses.
这个选项中的highlights【强调】对应原文中的answers，这个选项中的future job losses对应原文中的jobless future，但是这个选项中的differences between past and future在原文中没有对应的比较，所以答案是NOT GIVEN。
D illustrates how changes in the job market can be successfully handled.
这个选项中的illustrates【阐明】对应原文中的answers， 选项中的changes in the job market对应原文中的jobless future， can be successfully handled【被成功解决】对应下一句中的can tackle ， 选项中的how对应下一句中的through【通过】retraining and redeployment。（因为这句话有this表示前一句的问题，所以这句话也能用），所以答案是D。
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