雅思阅读真题解析-剑16Test2Passage2-I contain multitudes-单选题​

　　雅思阅读真题解析-剑16Test2Passage2-I contain multitudes-单选题?

　　单选题

　　Q14

　　What point does the writer make about microbes in the first paragraph?

　　AThey adapt quickly to their environment.

　　BThe risk they pose has been exaggerated.

　　CThey are more plentiful in animal life than plant life.

　　DThey will continue to exist for longer than the human race.

　　分析

　　题干中可以划定位词的有first paragraph。题干说的是作者对microbe的说法，这种情况下一般句子的主语是microbe，或者这句的核心名词是microbe。

　　定位

　　1Microbes, most of them bacteria, have populated this planet since long before animal life developed and they will outlive us. Invisible to the naked eye, they are ubiquitous. They inhabit the soil, air, rocks and water and are present within every form of life, from seaweed and coral to dogs and humans. And, as Yong explains in his utterly absorbing and hugely important book, we mess with them at our peril.

　　答案

　　上文中三句话都是围绕着microbes展开的，这个时候我们要提炼出重要信息。

　　第 一句：microbes populated this planet (Earth);

　　第二句：microbes are ubiquitous;第三句是第二句的举例。

　　第四句：If we mess them, we peril.

　　四个选项中they都是microbes。

　　A They adapt quickly to their environment.

　　这个选项中adapt quickly【快速适应】三句话都没有对应的动作，environment可以对应第三句中的soil, air, rocks and water。所以这个选项是NOT GIVEN。

　　B The risk they pose has been exaggerated.

　　这个选项中的risk【风险】三句话中都没有对应的负面的信息，exaggerate【夸张】也没有对应的信息，所以这个选项也是NOT GIVEN。

　　C They are more plentiful in animal life than plant life.

　　这句话的plentiful【大量的，充足的】可以对应第二句中的ubiquitous【遍地都是】，

　　这句话的animal life 可以对应第三句中的dogs and humans，plant life 对应from seaweed and coral ，但是原文第三句中没有关于more plentiful than的比较，所以这个选项也是NOT GIVEN。

　　D They will continue to exist for longer than the human race.

　　这句话中整个的内容对应第 一句中的...they will outlive us【他们会比我们长寿，所以这个选项是TRUE。

　　Q15

　　In the second paragraph, the writer is impressed by the fact that

　　Aeach species tends to have vastly different microbes.

　　Bsome parts of the body contain relatively few microbes.

　　Cthe average individual has more microbial cells than human ones.

　　Dscientists have limited understanding of how microbial cells behave.

　　分析

　　题干中可以划定位词的有second paragraph, 题干中的is impressed by【被...打动】需要有表示强烈感情或惊讶的词对应。

　　定位

　　2 Every species has its own colony of microbes, called a ‘microbiome’, and these microbes vary not only between species but also between individuals and within different parts of each individual. What is amazing is that while the number of human cells in the average person is about 30 trillion, the number of microbial ones is higher - about 39 trillion. At best, Yong informs us, we are only 50 per cent human. Indeed, some scientists even suggest we should think of each species and its microbes as a single unit, dubbed a ‘holobiont’.

　　答案

　　上文第二句中的what is amazing is that【神奇的是...】对应题干中的is impressed by，所以紧跟其后的句子：while the number of human cells in the average person is about 30 trillion, the number of microbial ones is higher - about 39 trillion的改写就是答案。

　　我们提炼一下这句话的内容：number of human cells large, but the number of microbes is larger。这里显然是一个数量之间的比较: No. (cell)<No.(microbes)。

　　A each species tends to have vastly different microbes.

　　这个选项里的each species 与原文第 一句中的between species 是相互矛盾的（不是一个物种有多个不同的microbe，而是不同物种有不同的microbe），所以这个选项是FALSE。

　　B some parts of the body contain relatively few microbes.

　　这个选项中的some parts of the body对应原文第 一句中的within different parts of each individual，这里的part【部分】指的是内脏，因为前面说的是within【在...里边】。这句话开头的these microbes vary【这些细菌在...间有所不同】指的是不同的身体部位存在的microbe种类不一样与选项中的选项中的relatively few microbes【相对较少的细菌】没有必然的联系，因为一个是种类，一个是数量，所以这个选项是NOT GIVEN。

　　C the average individual has more microbial cells than human ones.

　　这个选项中的average individual对应原文第二句中的average person，more microbial cell than human ones对应第二句中的human cells (30trillion), microbial ones (39trillion)，所以选项与定位句的内容一致，选项是TRUE。

　　D scientists have limited understanding of how microbial cells behave.

　　这个选项中的scientists在最后一句，选项中的limited understanding【对...了解有限】与最后一句中的suggest we should【建议我们应该...】不相关，选项中的how microbial cells behave原文中没有提到相关的信息，所以这个选项是NOT GIVEN。

　　Q16

　　What is the writer doing in the fifth paragraph?

　　Aexplaining how a discovery was made

　　Bcomparing scientists’ theories about microbes

　　Cdescribing confusion among scientists

　　Dgiving details of how microbes cause disease

　　分析

　　题干中可以划定位词的有fifth paragraph。题干中的说的what is the writer doing问的是作者写这一段的目的，可能是解释现象或原因，支持/反对某人观点，给某个概念下定义等。

　　定位

　　5For most of human history we had no idea that microbes existed. The first man to see these extraordinarily potent creatures was a Dutch lens-maker called Antony van Leeuwenhoek in the 1670s. Using microscopes of his own design that could magnify up to 270 times, he examined a drop of water from a nearby lake and found it teeming with tiny creatures he called ‘animalcules’. It wasn’t until nearly two hundred years later that the research of French biologist Louis Pasteur indicated that some microbes caused disease. It was Pasteur’s ‘germ theory’that gave bacteria the poor image that endures today.

　　答案

　　这段是For most of human history【人类历史中大部分时间】开头的，所以可能讲某个过程，往后找更多的时间。第二句中的The first man和in the 1670s。第三句中的It wasn’t until nearly two hundred years later。第四句中的endures today都是时间。所以是某个事情的发展过程。

　　A explaining how a discovery was made

　　这个选项中的how a discovery was made【某个发现的实现】可以说是一个发展过程，所以这个选项是TRUE。

　　B comparing scientists’theories about microbes

　　这个选项中的compare在原文中应对应比较，转折或并列以表示不同科学家之间的相似或不同，但原文中没有出现这样的结构。原文是按照时间的推进去描述的，所以这个选项是NOT GIVEN。

　　C describing confusion among scientists

　　这个选项中的confusion和原文中科学家的发现是对应不上的。他们是发现了某个东西，如果真有confusion【困惑】，那也应该是下一步的事情，原文只是提到了发现这个结果，没有往后延伸。

　　D giving details of how microbes cause disease

　　这个选项中的details【细节】一般带着并列或递进结构出现。比如说microbes cause disease的话他可能是这种描述：首先，细菌进入消化系统。然后它们被血液吸收。下一步...原文显然没有关于这个的结构，原文只提到了some microbes caused disease这个发现。所以这个选项也是NOT GIVEN。

　　这个是一个典型的考法。一般问作者写这段的意图，或者问你作者在这一段在干嘛的时候，比较高效的方法应该是观察句子之间的逻辑关系。一般常考的点：

　　作者支持：

　　in addition/moreover/similar/strengthened/still【仍然】等

　　作者反对：

　　however/ drawback 【缺陷】/ poorly studied等

　　作者觉得还需要进一步研究：

　　not enough/ have a long way to go/ yet to discover等。

分享：新航道雅思培训