雅思阅读-剑15Test2Passage3-Having a laugh-单选题
雅思阅读-剑15Test2Passage3-Having a laugh-单选题
单选题
Questions 27-31
Choose the correct letter, A, B, C or D.
Write the correct letter in boxes 27-31 on your answer sheet
Q27
When referring to laughter in the first paragraph, the writer emphasises
A its impact on language.
B its function in human culture.
C its value to scientific research.
D its universality in animal societies.
分析
题干可以划定位词的有first paragraph，题干问的是作者强调的点。这个时候我们看段落的第 一句或最后一句，找总结性的内容。
A its impact on language.
分析：选项可以划关键词的有language。
B its function in human culture.
分析：选项可以划关键词的有human culture。
C its value to scientific research.
分析：选项可以划关键词的有scientific research。
D its universality in animal societies.
分析：选项可以划关键词的有animal societies。
定位
1 Humans start developing a sense of humour as early as six weeks old, when babies begin to laugh and smile in response to stimuli. Laughter is universal across all human cultures and even exists in some form in rats, chimps, and bonobos. Like other human emotions and expressions, laughter and humour provide psychological scientists with rich resources for studying human psychology, ranging from the development of language to the neuroscience of social perception.
答案
上文三句话都有laughter，所以都要看。第 一句讲的是laughter和年龄的关系，选项没有提到，目前NOT GIVEN。第二句讲的是laughter和human culture，相关的有B和D选项。第二句中的universal across all human cultures和B选项的function没有对应的信息，所以目前NOT GIVEN。第二句中的even exists in some form in rats, chimps, and bonobos,跟D选项中的universality among animal societies不能完全对应，因为三种动物不能代表universality【普遍性】，所以这个选项目前也是NOT GIVEN。第三句讲的是laughter， scientists和rich resources，相关的选项有C。第三句中的provide…rich resources对应选项中的value, 第三句中的psychological scientists对应C选项中的scientific research，所以答案是C。
Q28
What does the writer suggest about Charley Douglass?
A He understood the importance of enjoying humour in a group setting.
B He believed that TV viewers at home needed to be told when to laugh.
C He wanted his shows to appeal to audiences across the social spectrum.
D He preferred shows where audiences were present in the recording studio.
分析
题干可以划定位词的有Charles Douglass。题干问的是作者关于这个人想暗示的内容。我们看这个人出现的句子的内容找跟选项的对应即可。
A He understood the importance of enjoying humour in a group setting.
分析：选项可以划关键词的有group setting。
B He believed that TV viewers at home needed to be told when to laugh.
分析：选项可以划关键词的有TV viewers at home。
C He wanted his shows to appeal to audiences across the social spectrum.
分析：选项可以划关键词的有shows，audiences和across the social spectrum。
D He preferred shows where audiences were present in the recording studio.
分析：选项可以划关键词的有shows，audiences和recording studio。
定位
2 Theories focusing on the evolution of laughter point to it as an important adaptation for social communication. Take, for example, the recorded laughter in TV comedy shows. Back in 1950s, US sound engineer Charley Douglass hated dealing with the unpredictable laughter of live audiences, so started recording his own ‘laugh tracks’. These were intended to help people at home feel like they were in a social situation, such as a crowded theatre. Douglass even recorded various types of laughter, as well as mixtures of laughter from men, women, and children. In doing so, he picked up on a quality of laughter that is now interesting researchers: a simple haha communicates a remarkable amount of socially relevant information.
答案
上文第三句出现了定位词Charles Douglass，这句中的hated dealing with the unpredictable laughter和started recording his own ‘laugh tracks’是Charles Douglass这个人所做的事，选项中没有相关的内容，所以看下一句。下一句中的关键词有people at home和social situation。选项中有相关内容的有A和B。这句中的in a social situation, such as a crowded theatre对应A选项中的in a group setting【团队（人多的）环境】，这句中的these were intended to help people【这些的意图是帮人们…】可以看出Charles Douglass是有目的去做这件事的，所以可以映射出他对这件事的重视，所以可以对应A选项中的he understood the importance，所以题目答案是A。
注意，题目问的是suggest【暗示】，所以我们不能找到直接对应understood the importance，只能通过文章的内容总结，这样会比较难。
我们再看B选项。第三句中的people at home对应B选项中的TV viewers at home，但这句没有when to laugh【什么时候笑】对应的时间，所以这个选项是NOT GIVEN，所以我们刚选的A答案是正确的。
Q29
What makes the Santa Cruz study particularly significant?
A the various different types of laughter that were studied
B the similar results produced by a wide range of cultures
C the number of different academic disciplines involved
D the many kinds of people whose laughter was recorded
分析
题干可以划定位词的有Santa Cruz study，题目问的是这个实验的重要性在哪儿。我们在实验开头或结尾找关于实验的总结性句子即可。
A the various different types of laughter that were studied
分析：选项可以划关键词的有different types of laughter
B the similar results produced by a wide range of cultures
分析：选项可以划关键词的有wide range of cultures。
C the number of different academic disciplines involved
分析：选项可以划关键词的有different academic disciplines。
D the many kinds of people whose laughter was recorded
分析：选项可以划关键词的有many kinds of people。
定位
3 In one study conducted in 2016，samples of laughter from pairs of English-speaking students were recorded at the University of California, Santa Cruz. A team made up of more than 30 psychological scientists, anthropologists, and biologists then played these recordings to listeners from 24 diverse societies, from indigenous tribes in New Guinea to city-dwellers in India and Europe- Participants were asked whether they thought the people laughing were friends or strangers. On average, the results were remarkably consistent: worldwide, people’s guesses were correct approximately 60% of the time.
答案
上文第 一句出现了Santa Cruz，上文最后一句中有remarkably【引人注目地】可以对应题干中的particularly significant，所以这句中的results were remarkably consistent的改写是正确答案。
满足要求的选项有B the similar results produced by a wide range of cultures，最后一句中的results were consistent对应B选项中的similar results，这句中的worldwide 【全世界范围内】和前一句中的24 diverse societies【24个不同的社会】可以对应B选项中的a wide range of cultures，所以这道题答案是B。
Q30
Which of the following happened in the San Diego study?
A Some participants became very upset.
B Participants exchanged roles.
C Participants who had not met before became friends.
D Some participants were unable to laugh.
分析
题干可以划定位词的有San Diego study。这道题问的是实验发生的事，我们一般重点看实验结果。
A Some participants became very upset.
分析：选项可以划关键词的有upset。
B Participants exchanged roles.
分析：选项可以划关键词的有exchanged roles。
C Participants who had not met before became friends.
分析：选项可以划关键词的有became friends。
D Some participants were unable to laugh.
分析：选项可以划关键词的有unable to laugh。
定位
4 Researchers have also found that different types of laughter serve as codes to complex human social hierarchies. A team led by Christopher Oveis from the University of California, San Diego, found that high-status individuals had different laughs from low-status individuals, and that strangers’judgements of an individual’s social status were influenced by the dominant or submissive quality of their laughter. In their study, 48 male college students were randomly assigned to groups of four, with each group composed of two low-status members, who had just joined their college fraternity group, and two high-status members, older students who had been active in the fraternity for at least two years. Laughter was recorded as each student took a turn at being teased by the others, involving the use of mildly insulting nicknames. Analysis revealed that, as expected, high-status individuals produced more dominant laughs and fewer submissive laughs relative to the low-status individuals. Meanwhile, low-status individuals were more likely to change their laughter based on their position of power; that is, the newcomers produced more dominant laughs when they were in the 'powerful’role of teasers. Dominant laughter was higher in pitch, louder, and more variable in tone than submissive laughter.
答案
上文倒数第四句出现了analysis revealed that【分析表明】，意味着往后的都是实验结果。这句中的 high-status—more dominant laughs—fewer submissive laughs选项没有对应的信息。倒数第三句中的change their laughter based on their position of power【根据他们的权利等级而改变他们的笑声】可以看出他们的权利等级会变，相关的选项有B Participants exchanged roles【参与者互换了角色】。这道题需要一定的理解，难度比较大。
上文最后一句是关于dominant laughter和submissive laughter特征的比较，选项没有对应的信息，所以这道题我们选B。
Q31
In the fifth paragraph, what did the results of the San Diego study suggest?
A It is clear whether a dominant laugh is produced by a high- or low-status person.
B Low-status individuals in a position of power will still produce submissive laughs.
C The submissive laughs of low- and high-status individuals are surprisingly similar.
D High-status individuals can always be identified by their way of laughing.
分析
题干可以划定位词的有fifth paragraph，这道题问的是实验结果暗示什么，所以看实验结束的地方找结果即可。
A It is clear whether a dominant laugh is produced by a high- or low-status person.
分析：选项可以划关键词的有dominant laugh和 high- or low-status。
B Low-status individuals in a position of power will still produce submissive laughs.
分析：选项可以划关键词的有low-status ，position of power和submissive laugh。
C The submissive laughs of low- and high-status individuals are surprisingly similar.
分析：选项可以划关键词的有low- and high-status ，submissive laughs和similar。
D High-status individuals can always be identified by their way of laughing.
分析：选项可以划关键词的有high-status individuals和way of laughing。
定位
5 A random group of volunteers then listened to an equal number of dominant and submissive laughs from both the high- and low-status individuals, and were asked to estimate the social status of the laugher. In line with predictions, laughers producing dominant laughs were perceived to be significantly higher in status than laughers producing submissive laughs. ‘This was particularly true for low-status individuals, who were rated as significantly higher in status when displaying a dominant versus submissive laugh，’Oveis and colleagues note. ’Thus, by strategically displaying more dominant laughter when the context allows, low-status individuals may achieve higher status in the eyes of others.’However, high-status individuals were rated as high-status whether they produced their natural dominant laugh or tried to do a submissive one.
答案
上文最后一句出现了high-status individuals，相关的选项有D选项。这句中的high-status individuals在D选项原词重现，这句中的were rated as high-status whether【不管…都被评为high-status】对应D选项中的can always be identified【总能被识别】，这句中的produced their natural dominant laugh or tried to do a submissive one对应D选项中的their way of laughing，所以这道题选D。
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