雅思阅读真题解析-剑15Test3Passage3-Why fairy tales are really scary-摘要选择题

雅思阅读真题解析-剑15Test3Passage3-Why fairy tales are really scary-摘要选择题

整体分析

文章有句子配对题，摘要选择题和单选题。我们的做题顺序是摘要选择题-句子配对题-单选题。

摘要选择题

Questions 32-36

Complete the summary using the list of words, A-l, below.

Write the correct letter, A-l, in boxes 32-36 on your answer sheet.

Q32

Phylogenetic analysis of Little Red Riding Hood

Tehrani used techniques from evolutionary biology to find out if 32 .................. existed among 58 stories from around the world. 

分析

题目标题可以划定位词的有Phylogenetic analysis和Red Riding Hood；题干可以划定位词的有Tehrani, evolutionary biology和58 stories。空格前面是if, 后边是existed，所以空格需要句子的主语，所以空格是名词，单复数都有可能。既然题目说的58篇故事间的联系，所以答案无非是表示共同点或差异的名词。

定位

4 Tehrani’s analysis focused on Little Red Riding Hood in its many forms, which include another Western fairy tale known as The Wolf and the Kids. Checking for variants of these two tales and similar stories from Africa, East Asia and other regions, he ended up with 58 stories recorded from oral traditions. Once his phylogenetic analysis had established that they were indeed related, he used the same methods to explore how they have developed and altered over time.

答案

上文第 一句出现了定位词Tehrani, Little Red Riding Hood。上文第二句出现了定位词58 stories。第二句中的checking for…【寻找…】对应题干中的to find out【为了找到】，所以答案是紧跟其后的variants【变体】在选项中的原词或同义替换词即可。满足要求的答案是F variations【变种】。

对吗？

错了。

因为上文第二句variants后边的these two tales和题干中的among 58 stories是矛盾的，说明答案不能在这句中找，需要接着往后看。

上文第三句中出现了定位词phylogenetic analysis，这句中的established【证实】对应题干中的to find out if，题干说的是目的，原文说的是他达到这个目的，即证实了某个点（懂我的意思吧？不懂也不用担心，接着往后看），如果这个对应关系看不出来，那么可以看这句中的they were indeed related，这里的they 指代上一句中的58 stories recorded from oral traditions，对应题干中的58 stories，所以剩下的were indeed related的改写就是答案。满足要求的答案是related的同义替换词D links。

Q33

He also wanted to know which aspects of the stories had fewest 33 .................., as he believed these aspects would be the most important ones. 

分析

题干可以划定位词的有aspects of the stories。这句中的比较结构要在原文中一定要出现。空格前面是fewest，所以空格是可数名词的复数形式。

定位

5 First he tested some assumptions about which aspects of the story alter least as it evolves, indicating their importance. Folklorists believe that what happens in a story is more central to the story than the characters in it - that visiting a relative, only to be met by a scary animal in disguise, is more fundamental than whether the visitor is a little girl or three siblings, or the animal is a tiger instead of a wolf. 

答案

上文第 一句出现了定位词aspects of the story，这句中的indicating their importance【暗示着它们的重要性】对应题干中的these aspects would be the most important ones.，这句中的least【最少】对应题干中的fewest，所以答案是alter【改变】的同义替换词。满足要求的答案是F variations【变体】。

Q34

Contrary to other beliefs, he found that some 34 .................. that were included in a story tended to change over time, and that the middle of a story seemed no more important than the other parts.

分析

题干可以划定位词的有other beliefs和middle of a story。空格前面是some, 后边是that were，所以空格是可数名词的复数形式。题干说的….that were included in a story【故事里的…】，所以空格是故事的一个元素，一般的故事包括 character【角色】，setting【背景】和plot【情节】，所以空格选跟这三个元素相关的答案即可。

定位

6 However, Tehrani found no significant difference in the rate of evolution of incidents compared with that of characters. ‘Certain episodes are very stable because they are crucial to the story, but there are lots of other details that can evolve quite freely,’he says. Neither did his analysis support the theory that the central section of a story is the most conserved part. He found no significant difference in the flexibility of events there compared with, the beginning or the end.

答案

上文的第二句中的evolve【进化】对应题干中的change over time，所以这句中的other details【别的细节】的同义替换词的是答案。满足要求的答案是B events。下一句中的central section of a story【一个故事的中心部分】对应题干中的the middle of a story。

注意，这里的答案不能选I plot【情节】，因为plot的定义是what happened in the story。 

Q35

He was also surprised that parts of a story which seemed to provide some sort of 35 ..................were unimportant. 

分析

题干没有好用的定位词，可以划关键词的有also（表示并列），surprised和unimportant。空格前面是some sort of，后边是were，所以空格是名词，不过单复数不一定。因为这里的were是宾语从句主语parts of a story的谓语。也就是把which带的定语从句删掉以后我们剩下的是：He was also surprised that parts of a story were unimportant。

定位

7 But the really big surprise came when he looked at the cautionary elements of the story.  ‘Studies on hunter-gatherer folk tales suggest that these narratives include really important information about the environment and the possible dangers that maybe faced there - stuff that’s relevant to survival，’he says. Yet in his analysis such elements were just as flexible as seemingly trivial details. What, then, is important enough to be reproduced from generation to generation?

答案

上文第 一句出现了关键词big surprise，这句中的elements of the story【故事的元素】对应题干中的parts of a story，所以答案是cautionary这个词的同义替换词。满足要求的答案是C warning。第三句中的such elements were just as flexible as seemingly trivial details【这些元素（指的就是第 一句中的cautionary elements）就跟看似琐碎的细节一样容易变】对应题干中的unimportant。从下一句中的what is then important enough…这个疑问句也能看出之前讨论的内容都不重要。

Q36

The aspect that he found most important in a story’s survival was 36 ..................

分析

题干可以划定位词的有story’s survival。空格前面是was, 所以空格是单数名词。注意，空格不会是形容词，因为这句话的意思是“对故事的幸存最重要的方面是…”，你要说出是哪个方面，而不是什么样的方面，所以答案只能是名词。

定位

8 The answer, it would appear, is fear- blood-thirsty and gruesome aspects of the story, such as the eating of the grandmother by the wolf, turned out to be the best preserved of all. Why are these details retained by generations of storytellers, when other features are not? Tehrani has an idea: ‘In an oral context, a story won’t survive because of one great teller. It also needs to be interesting when it’s told by someone who’s not necessarily a great storyteller.’Maybe being swallowed whole by a wolf, then cut out of its stomach alive is so gripping that it helps the story remain popular, no matter how badly it’s told. 

答案

上文第 一句中的the answer, it would appear【答案看似是】对应题干中的the aspect that he found，这句中的turned out to be the best preserved【结果是保存最好的】对应题干中的most important，因为上段最后一句问过What, then, is important enough to be reproduced from generation to generation【是什么东西重要带从一代传到下一代】，所以答案是fear的原词或同义替换词。满足要求的答案是G horror。

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