雅思阅读真题解析-剑14Test2Passage2-Back to the future of -段落信息配对题

雅思阅读真题解析-剑14Test2Passage2-Back to the future of -段落信息配对题

段落信息配对题

Reading Passage 2 has nine sections, A-l.

Which section contains the following information?

Write the correct letter, A-l, in boxes 14-18 on your answer sheet.

14 why some people avoided hospitals in the 19th century

15 a suggestion that the popularity of tall buildings is linked to prestige

16 a comparison between the circulation of air in a 19th-century building and modern standards

17 how Short tested the circulation of air in a 19th-century building

18 an implication that advertising led to the large increase in the use of air conditioning

分析

题目要求没有NB，所以每一段最多只选一次。

第14题题干可以划关键词的有some people（在原文中可能会对应具体的一类人）和in the 19thcentury，这个时间在文章比较常见，但是你选这道题答案的时候所选的那一段一定要出现19th century，这段才能选。

第15题题干可以划关键词的有tall buildings和prestige【威望】。这道题不好定位，我们应该根据每一段前两句和最后两句看有没有相关的内容。

第16题题干可以划关键词的有comparison【比较】（在原文中可能会对应比较或者转折结构），circulation of air和19th-century building and modern standards。

第17题题干可以划关键词的有Short, circulation of air 和19th-century building。第17题的关键词与第16题的关键词有重叠的内容，所以这两段应该是挨着出现的。

第18题题干可以划关键词的有advertising和air conditioning。这道题也不要好定位，所以看每一段前两句和最后两句的内容确定。

定位

B Short is calling for a sweeping reinvention of how skyscrapers and major public buildings are designed - to end the reliance on sealed buildings which exist solely via the 'life support' system of vast air conditioning units. Instead, he shows it is entirely possible to accommodate natural ventilation and cooling in large buildings by looking into the past, before the widespread introduction of air conditioning systems, which were 'relentlessly and aggressively marketed' by their inventors.

C Short points out that to make most contemporary buildings habitable, they have to be sealed and air conditioned. The energy use and carbon emissions this generates is spectacular and largely unnecessary. Buildings in the West account for 40-50% of electricity usage, generating substantial carbon emissions, and the rest of the world is catching up at a frightening rate. Short regards glass, steel and air-conditioned skyscrapers as symbols of status, rather than practical ways of meeting our requirements.

D Short's book highlights a developing and sophisticated art and science of ventilating buildings through the 19th and earlier-20th centuries, including the design of ingeniously ventilated hospitals. Of particular interest were those built to the designs of John Shaw Billings, including the first Johns Hopkins Hospital in the US city of Baltimore (1873-1889).

'We spent three years digitally modelling Billings' final designs,' says Short. 'We put pathogens·in the airstreams, modelled for someone with tuberculosis (TB) coughing in the wards and we found the ventilation systems in the room would have kept other patients safe from harm.

E 'We discovered that 19th-century hospital wards could generate up to 24 air changes an hour - that's similar to the performance of a modern-day, computer-controlled operating theatre. We believe you could build wards based on these principles now.

Single rooms are not appropriate for all patients. Communal wards appropriate for certain patients - older people with dementia, for example - would work just as well in today's hospitals, at a fraction of the energy cost.’

Professor Short contends the mindset and skill-sets behind these designs have been completely lost, lamenting the disappearance of expertly designed theatres, opera houses, and other buildings where up to half the volume of the building was given over to ensuring everyone got fresh air.

F Much of the ingenuity present in 19th-century hospital and building design was driven by a panicked public clamouring for buildings that could protect against what was thought to be the lethal threat of miasmas - toxic air that spread disease. Miasmas were feared as the principal agents of disease and epidemics for centuries, and were used to explain the spread of infection from the Middle Ages right through to the cholera outbreaks in London and Paris during the 1850s. Foul air, rather than germs, was believed to be the main driver of 'hospital fever', leading to disease and frequent death. The prosperous steered clear of hospitals.

While miasma theory has been long since disproved, Short has for the last 30 years advocated a return to some of the building design principles produced in its wake.

答案

上文B段最后一句中出现了关键词air conditioning systems对应第18题中的air conditioning，这句中的marketed【营销】对应第18题中的advertising，这句中的widespread introduction【广泛引进】对应第18题中的large increase in the use of，所以第18题答案是B。

上文C段最后一句中出现了关键词symbols of status【地位的象征】对应的15题中的prestige

，这句中的skyscrapers【摩天大楼】对应第15题中的tall buildings， 所以第15题答案是C。

上文D段第二小段第 一句中出现了关键词airstreams对应第17题中的circulation of air，这句中的(1873-1889)对应题干中的19th-century， 这句中的Johns Hopkins Hospital对应第17题中的building，所以第17题答案是D。

上文E段第 一句中出现了关键词24 air changes an hour对应的16题题干中的circulation of air，这句中的that's similar to对应第16题中的a comparison，这句中的modern-day, computer-controlled operating theatre对应的16题中的modern standards，所以第16题答案是E。

上文F段第 一小段最后一句中出现了关键词the prosperous【有钱人】对应第14题中的some people，这句中的steered clear of hospitals【避开】对应第14题中的avoided hospitals，前一句对应第14题中的why，因为人们在医院传染上hospital fever，所以发生了最后一句中的富人避开医院的情况，所以第14题答案是F。

分享：新航道雅思培训