雅思阅读真题解析-剑15Test4Passage3-Environmental practices of big-单选题

　　雅思阅读真题解析-剑15Test4Passage3-Environmental practices of big-单选题

　　单选题

　　Questions 32-34

　　Choose the correct letter, A, B, C or D.

　　Write the correct letter in boxes 32—34 on your answer sheet.

　　Q32

　　The main idea of the third paragraph is that environmental damage

　　A requires political action if it is to be stopped,

　　B is the result of ignorance on the part of the public,

　　C could be prevented by the action of ordinary people,

　　D can only be stopped by educating business leaders.

　　分析

　　题干可以划定位词的有third paragraph和environmental damage。

　　A requires political action if it is to be stopped,

　　分析：选项可以划关键词的有political action。

　　B is the result of ignorance on the part of the public,

　　分析：选项可以划关键词的有ignorance和public。

　　C could be prevented by the action of ordinary people,

　　分析：选项可以划关键词的有action和ordinary people。

　　D can only be stopped by educating business leaders.

　　分析：选项可以划关键词的有business leaders。

　　定位

　　3 Our blaming of businesses also ignores the ultimate responsibility of the public for creating the conditions that let a business profit through destructive environmental policies. In the long run, it is the public, either directly or through its politicians, that has the power to make such destructive policies unprofitable and illegal, and to make sustainable environmental policies profitable.

　　答案

　　上文第 一句出现了public和destructive environmental policies。相关的选项有

　　B is the result of ignorance on the part of the public,

　　C could be prevented by the action of ordinary people,

　　上文第 一句中的public在B选项原词重现，第 一句中的destructive environmental policies对应题干中的environmental damage，但这句中的ultimate responsibility和result of ignorance没有必然的联系。第 一句在的ignore是跟our blamig连在一起的，若不是跟后半句中的public连在一起，所以B选项目前是NOT GIVEN。

　　上文第二句中的it is the public对应C选项中的ordinary people， 上文第二句中的has the power对应C选项中的action of， 上文第二句中的make such destructive policies unprofitable and illegal,对应C选项中的be prevented by，所以这道题答案是C。

　　Q33

　　In the fourth paragraph, the writer describes ways in which the public can

　　A reduce their own individual impact on the environment,

　　B learn more about the impact of business on the environment,

　　C raise awareness of the effects of specific environmental disasters,

　　D influence the environmental policies of businesses and governments.

　　分析

　　题干可以划定位词的有fourth paragraph和public。

　　A reduce their own individual impact on the environment,

　　分析：选项可以划关键词的有individual impact。

　　B learn more about the impact of business on the environment,

　　分析：选项可以划关键词的有impact of business。

　　C raise awareness of the effects of specific environmental disasters,

　　分析：选项可以划关键词的有environmental disasters。

　　D influence the environmental policies of businesses and governments.

　　分析：选项可以划关键词的有environmental policies。

　　定位

　　4 The public can do that by suing businesses for harming them, as happened after the Exxon Valdez disaster, in which over 40,000 m3 of oil were spilled off the coast of Alaska. The public may also make their opinion felt by preferring to buy sustainably harvested products; by making employees of companies with poor track records feel ashamed of their company and complain to their own management; by preferring their governments to award valuable contracts to businesses with a good environmental track record; and by pressing their governments to pass and enforce laws and regulations requiring good environmental practices.

　　答案

　　上文第 一句出现的by suing里的by【通过】对应题干中的ways in which，这段中有多个by+doing的结构，我们看这些句子找对应的选项即可。看完这些句子可以总结出跟public有关系的（有互动的）另一方是business和government，所以我们选出public-business, public-government, public-business, government出现的选项，满足要求的选项有

　　B learn more about the impact of business on the environment,

　　D influence the environmental policies of businesses and governments.

　　根据原文中by后边加的内容我们可以看出public不是去了解business,而是给他们施加压力，所以B是NOT GIVEN。

　　选项D中的influence【影响】可以对应原文中by后边的内容，所以答案是D。

　　Q34

　　What pressure was exerted by big business in the case of the disease BSE?

　　A Meat packers stopped supplying hamburgers to fast-food chains.

　　B A fast-food company forced their meat suppliers to follow the law.

　　C Meat packers persuaded the government to reduce their expenses.

　　D A fast-food company encouraged the government to introduce legislation.

　　分析

　　题干可以划定位词的有big business和disease BSE。

　　A Meat packers stopped supplying hamburgers to fast-food chains.

　　分析：选项可以划关键词的有meat packers和fast-food chains。

　　B A fast-food company forced their meat suppliers to follow the law.

　　分析: 选项可以划关键词的有fast-food company和meat suppliers。

　　C Meat packers persuaded the government to reduce their expenses.

　　分析：选项可以划关键词的有meat packers和government。

　　D A fast-food company encouraged the government to introduce legislation.

　　分析：选项可以划关键词的有fast-food company和government。

　　定位

　　5 In turn, big businesses can exert powerful pressure on any suppliers that might ignore public or government pressure. For instance, after the US public became concerned about the spread of a disease known as BSE, which was transmitted to humans through infected meat, the US government’s Food and Drug Administration introduced rules demanding that the meat industry abandon practices associated with the risk of the disease spreading. But for five years the meat packers refused to follow these, claiming that they would be too expensive to obey. However, when a major fast-food company then made the same demands after customer purchases of its hamburgers plummeted, the meat industry complied within weeks. The public’s task is therefore to identify which links in the supply chain are sensitive to public pressure: for instance, fast-food chains or jewelry stores, but not meat packers or gold miners.

　　答案

　　因为三个选项都有fast-food company，所以我们先找出这句话。这句中我们可以看出跟fast-food company有互动的另一方是mean industry，两者同时出现的选项有

　　A Meat packers stopped supplying hamburgers to fast-food chains.

　　B A fast-food company forced their meat suppliers to follow the law.

　　这里A选项中meat packers占主导地位，B选项中fast-food company占主导地位。根据原文中的fast-food company made the same demands可以看出，占主导地位的是fast-food company，所以答案是B。确定选项后同学们可以自己找找选项与原文同义替换词的对应关系。

　　Q40

　　What would be the best subheading for this passage?

　　A Will the world survive the threat caused by big businesses?

　　B How can big businesses be encouraged to be less driven by profit?

　　C What environmental dangers are caused by the greed of businesses?

　　D Are big businesses to blame for the damage they cause the environment?

　　分析

　　题干可以划定位词的有subheading【副标题】。

　　A Will the world survive the threat caused by big businesses?

　　分析：选项可以划关键词的有world和big businesses。

　　B How can big businesses be encouraged to be less driven by profit?

　　分析：选项可以划关键词的有big business和profit。

　　C What environmental dangers are caused by the greed of businesses?

　　分析：选项可以划关键词的有environmental dangers和greed of businesses。

　　D Are big businesses to blame for the damage they cause the environment?

　　分析：选项可以划关键词的有big business和damage。

　　定位

　　7 To me, the conclusion that the public has the ultimate responsibility for the behavior of even the biggest businesses is empowering and hopeful, rather than disappointing. My conclusion is not a moralistic one about who is right or wrong, admirable or selfish, a good guy or a bad guy. In the past, businesses have changed when the public came to expect and require different behavior, to reward businesses for behavior that the public wanted, and to make things difficult for businesses practicing behaviors that the public didn’t want. I predict that in the future, just as in the past, changes in public attitudes will be essential for changes in businesses’environmental practices.

　　答案

　　最后一段的第 一句的conclusion可以看出作者在总结自己的观点。这句中的public has the ultimate responsibility相关的选项有

　　D Are big businesses to blame for the damage they cause the environment?

　　上文第 一句中的responsibility对应D选项中的…is to blame【应该谴责…】, 上文第 一句中的behavior of even the biggest businesses对应题干中的damage they cause the environment，D答案问的是“应该谴责big business吗？”然后文章对这个问题给出了答案：这是大众的责任，所以答案是D。

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