雅思阅读真题解析-剑16Test4Passage1-Roman tunnels-摘要填空题

　　雅思阅读真题解析-剑16Test4Passage1-Roman tunnels-摘要填空题

　　图表题

　　Questions 1-6

　　Label the diagrams below.

　　Choose ONE WORD ONLYfrom the passage for each answer.

　　Write your answers in boxes 1-6 on your answer sheet.

　　Q1-3

　　1..............to direct   the tunneling

　　water runs into a 2..........by local people

　　vertical shafts to remove earth and for 3.................

　　分析

　　第1题没有定位词可以划，空格右边是to direct,空格写名词，是一种起到指导作用的工具，如图所示，这种工具是立起来的柱子的感觉。

　　第2题可以划定位词的有water 和local people，空格前面是water runs into a，所以空格填写单数名词，有水的东西，而且后边说的sued by local people，说明这是关于水的一种设施。

　　第3题可以划定位词的有vertical shafts和earth，空格前面是for,后边加名词，这个短语的主人公是vertical shafts，所以to remove earth和空格都表示vertical shafts的用途，答案要和remove earth并列出现。

　　定位

　　1The Persians, who lived in present-day Iran, were one of the first civilizations to build tunnels that provided a reliable supply of water to human settlements in dry areas. In the early first millennium BCE, they introduced the qanat method of tunnel construction, which consisted of placing posts over a hill in a straight line, to ensure that the tunnel kept to its route, and then digging vertical shafts down into the ground at regular intervals. Underground, workers removed the earth from between the ends of the shafts, creating a tunnel. The excavated soil was taken up to the surface using the shafts, which also provided ventilation during the work. Once the tunnel was completed, it allowed water to flow from the top of a hillside down towards a canal, which supplied water for human use. Remarkably, some qanats built by the Persians 2,700 years ago are still in use today.

　　答案

　　上文第二句中的to ensure that the tunnel kept to its route对应题干中的direct the tunneling，如果找不到这个对应关系，你可以看这句中的which consisted of placing posts over a hill【小山丘】这个可以在图里看到，说的就是那些像柱子的东西，我们的空格需要的答案就是表示这个词，所以placing【安置】后边的posts【标杆】。

　　上文第三句中的workers removed the earth... shafts对应第3题中的vertical shafts to remove earth，所以这句对应第3题（这里出现了局部乱序，图表题偶尔会出现这种情况，大部分都是顺序出题），但这句中没有并列，接着往后找并列结构。下一句中的which also对应题干中的并列所以后半句中表示用途的名词是ventilation【通风】。

　　下一句中出现了water to flow from... towards 对应题干中的water runs into，所以紧跟其后的词canal就是答案，这句后半句中的supplied water for human use对应题干中的used by local people。

　　Q4-6

　　Cross-section of a Roman Qanat Shaft

　　4..........made of wood or stone

　　Handholds and footholds used for 6.................

　　5..........attached to the plumb line

　　分析

　　标题中可以划为定位词的有cross-section和Roman Qanat Shaft。

　　第4题中可以划定位词的有wood or stone，空格后边是made of wood or stone， 所以空格填写用wood or stone做成的具体东西，如图所示这个东西是用来当盖子的。

　　第5题中可以划定位词的有handholds and footholds,空格前面是used for，所以空格应该写表示用途的名词。表示用途的名词一般是带有一种动作或行为的，所以空格的答案可能是动词加名词后缀（如，smoking, transportation）形成的名词。

　　第6题可以划定位词的有plumb line， 空格后边是attached to【连在一起】，所以空格是具体的名词，如图所示，空格应该是挂上去的小东西。

　　定位

　　2 They later passed on their knowledge to the Romans, who also used the qanat method to construct water-supply tunnels for agriculture. Roman qanat tunnels were constructed with vertical shafts dug at intervals of between 30 and 60 meters. The shafts were equipped with handholds and footholds to help those climbing in and out of them and were covered with a wooden or stone lid. To ensure that the shafts were vertical, Romans hung a plumb line from a rod placed across the top of each shaft and made sure that the weight at the end of it hung in the center of the shaft. Plumb lines were also used to measure the depth of the shaft and to determine the slope of the tunnel. The 5.6 kilometer-long Claudius tunnel, built in 41 CE to drain the Fucine Lake in central Italy, had shafts that were up to 122 meters deep, took 11 years to build and involved approximately 30,000 workers.

　　答案

　　上文第二句中出现了Roman qanat， shafts。下一句前半句出现了handholds and footholds对应第6题（出现了局部乱序）， 这句中的to help 可以对应第6题题干中的used for，所以紧跟其后的表示用途的名词，所以答案是climbing。这句话还没完，不要跳哟。后半句中的covered with a wooden or stone对应第4题中的made of wood or stone，所以这句中的最后一个词lid【盖子】是答案。

　　这里可以看出一个结构：

　　a lid made of wood or stone= a wooden or stone lid一个木制或石头制成的盖子

　　下一句中出现了hung【hang的过去式】可以对应图上的内容，这句中出现了定位词

　　plumb line， 既然图中已经写出了rod【杆】，所以这句中的weight【重物】是答案，这句中的n the center of the shaft【竖井的正中央】也可以对应图上的描述。

　　所以这里的名词weight原来的意思是【重量】，在这里翻译成【重物】更贴切。

　　这里拓展一下相关的词性：

　　weight n. 重量；分量      weigh n. 称重量；权衡

　　Although already retired, former mayor’s words still have some weight.

　　虽然退休了，但老市长的话还是有点分量的。

　　Life is hard for everyone, so try to carry your own weight.

　　每个人生活都不容易，所以自己的负担还是自己扛吧（反正别找我就行）。

　　When marriage starts to weighs the pros and cons, it will no longer be sacred, and it is left with all but pragmatism.

　　当婚姻开始权衡优缺点（得失）的时候，它不再是神圣的， 它剩下的仅仅是实用（主义）的一面。

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