长难句第二周

Day1

长难句：The effect is altogether lighter and freer than that achieved in stone, but because both perform the same function, formal wooden and metal statues still display frontality.

 

【句子主干】The effect is altogether lighter and freer than that achieved in stone (but…) formal wooden and metal statues still display frontality.

 

【结构分析】

1) but前后链接的两个句子从语法上讲都是主句；另外要注意表示让步和转折的词汇在同一个句子中只能出现一次，所以本句中只出现了but，前面表示让步的单词（although、while等词）要省略，但是翻译的时候非常好要翻译出来

2) 一上来的这个句子是个比较句式，在比较句式中若出现两次被对比的单词，(就像这里比较的是effect)，后面再提到的时候就用that来代替，可以避免重复，使得句子读起来朗朗上口

3) because引导的是原因状语从句，后面的句子才是主语

 

【重点词汇】

perform – 执行 完成 表演

function – 功能

formal – 正式的

display – 陈列 展示

 

【句子翻译】

（尽管）这个效果总的来说比用石头所呈现的效果要更加轻快自由，但是因为两者都履行相同的功能，所以比较正式一点的木制和金属雕塑依然展现了正面描绘的手法

 

【翻译练习】

中翻英：

1. 人口老龄化的趋势不可避免，甚至会因死亡率和出生率的进一步下降而加速。

2. 和发达国家相比，发展中国家面临更大的压力和挑战。

英翻中：Apart from statues representing deities, kings, and named members of the elite that can be called formal, there is another group of three-dimensional representations that depicts generic figures, frequently servants, from the nonelite population.

 

 

 

Day2

翻译答案：

1. The trend of population aging is inevitable and can even be accelerated by further decline in mortality and fertility.

2. Compared with developed nations, developing countries are confronted with more pressure and challenges.

 

长难句：

Apart from statues representing deities, kings, and named members of the elite that can be called formal, there is another group of three-dimensional representations that depicts generic figures, frequently servants, from the nonelite population.

 

【句子主干】There is another group of three-dimensional representations

 

【结构分析】

首先要注意statue后面有两层修饰成分，个是representing现在分词引导的后置定语，第二个是that引导的定语从句，根据句意判定这个从句也是修饰statues的，而并非紧挨着的elite. 另外要注意后面定语从句中的插入语“frequently servants”，它修饰前面的figures.

 

【重点词汇】

statue – 雕塑

representation – 表现 表示 （在句中指雕塑）

depict – 描绘

generic – 一般的

figures – 人物 形象

elite – 精英

 

【句子翻译】

除了被称作正式的，表现神灵、国王，以及被指定的社会精英成员的雕像之外，还存在另一种三维立体雕像，它们刻画来自非精英人群的普通人物（经常是仆人）

 

【翻译练习】

中翻英：

1. 流行音乐是当代社会如此重要的一个组成部分，甚至都影响到了语言。

2. 妇女经济上的独立提高了她们在家庭中的地位

英翻中：Many signals that animals make seem to impose on the signalers costs that are overly damaging.

 

 

 

Day3

翻译答案：

1. Pop music is such an important part of contemporary society that it has even influence our language.

2. Women’s economic independence has promoted their status in the family.

 

长难句：

Many signals that animals make seem to impose on the signalers costs that are overly damaging.

 

【句子主干】Many signals seem to impose on the signalers costs

 

【结构分析】

本句的难点在于有一个宾语后置

1) 个定语从句修饰主句的主语signals, signals在从句中做make的宾语

2) 注意impose on这个词组，这个词组的用法是impose sth on sth/sb, 所以impose其实是及物动词，后面必须要跟宾语，但是发现此句并没有这样子，原因就是把它的宾语costs后置了，原本的语序应该是impose costs on the signalers。

 

【重点词汇】

impose – 强加

overly – 过度地

damaging – 有破坏性的

 

【句子翻译】

动物们所产生的信号似乎会带给他们有巨大危害的代价

 

【翻译练习】

中翻英：

1. 养老金覆盖范围仅适用于那些政府部门和大企业的员工。

2. 尽管遭受不幸，他的信念和乐观精神丝毫未减

英翻中：The step from buying foreign timber to buying foreign ships was regarded as a short one, especially when complaints were heard in the latter sixteenth century that the standards and traditions of the Arsenale were running down.

 

 

 

Day4

翻译答案：

1. Pension coverage is available only to those employed in the government sectors and large companies.

2. Despite his misfortunes, his faith and optimism remained intact.

 

长难句：

The step from buying foreign timber to buying foreign ships was regarded as a short one, especially when complaints were heard in the latter sixteenth century that the standards and traditions of the Arsenale were running down.

 

【句子主干】The step was regarded as a short one

 

【结构分析】

最后that引导的从句修饰谁？

1) that从句是同位语从句，因为该从句成分齐全，不缺任何成分，所以是同位语从句

2) that引导的这个同位语从句后置了，应该是修饰complaints，后置的原因是：complains是when引导的时间状语从句的主语，如果把that从句直接放到complains后面，整个句子头重脚轻

3) 同位语从句同样也是修饰名词的，而that前面最近的名词就是complains，这也可以判断是修饰complains

 

【重点词汇】

timber – 木材

complaints – 抱怨

standard – 标准

traditions – 传统

run down – 在句中指贬低，地位下降

 

【句子翻译】

从买国外的木材到买国外的船，这一步被认为实现地很快，特别是当关于A的标准和传统降低的抱怨在16世纪晚期被人知晓的时候

 

【翻译练习】

中翻英：

1. 他主张人人都有言论自由，不论肤色、种族或信仰如何

2. 尽管一些办公室工作看起来单调乏味，但其实有相当多的工作具有刺激性、趣味性和愉悦性。

英翻中：We need therefore to know how much the climate can vary of its own accord in order to interpret with confidence the extent to which recent changes are natural as opposed to being the result of human activities.

 

 

 

Day5

翻译答案：

1. He stood for freedom of speech for everyone regardless of color, race or creed.

2. While some office jobs seem tedious, there are quite a few jobs that are stimulating, exciting and satisfying

 

长难句：

We need therefore to know how much the climate can vary of its own accord in order to interpret with confidence the extent to which recent changes are natural as opposed to being the result of human activities.

 

【句子主干】We need to know how much the climate can vary of its own accord

 

【结构分析】

1) therefore是承接上一句的逻辑，并不是本句内的因果逻辑，可以提到句首

2) how much引导的从句跟在动词know后面，是宾语从句

3) 第二个从句是定语从句，修饰extent, extent在从句中的原来位置是 to some extent 在某种程度上的意思，因为修饰extent,所以被提到前面，它前面的介词to也提到which前面，which代替extent

4) interpret后面的宾语是the extend，中间插入了介词短语with confidence,修饰interpret

 

【重点词汇】

of its own accord - 自发地、自然而然地

interpret – 解释 解读

extent – 程度 范围

as opposed to – 与……对照/ 相反

 

【句子翻译】

因此，为了自信地解释最近的气候变化在多大程度上是自然发生的（与人类活动所造成的结果相比较而言） 我们需要了解气候有多少是自行变化

 

【翻译练习】

中翻英：

1. 大多数人相信互联网的益处多于问题。

2. 在许多国家，英语是医疗卫生、电子和空间技术领域的工作语言。

 

 

翻译答案：

1. Most people believe that the advantages of the Internet outweigh its disadvantages.

2. In many countries, English is the working language in the field of medical care, electronics and space technology.