长难句第九周

Day1

长难句：Despite the intuition that something drastic needs to be done about such a costly problem, economic analysis clearly show it will be far more expensive to cut carbon dioxide emissions radically than to pay the costs of adaptation to the increased temperatures.

 

【句子主干】economic analysis clearly show it will be far more expensive to cut carbon dioxide emissions radically than to pay the costs of adaptation to the increased temperatures.

 

【结构分析】本句中“Despite the intuition that something drastic needs to be done about such a costly problem”为介词短语作让步状语;其中“that something drastic needs to be done about such a costly problem”为that引导的同位语从句，做the intuition的同位语;其中“it will be far more expensive to cut carbon dioxide emissions radically than to pay the costs of adaptation to the increased temperatures.”为宾语从句，做show的宾语，引导词省略，it为形式主语，后面的不定式为真正的主语。

 

【重点词汇】

intuition      （n.直觉）

drastic        (adj. 猛烈地)

carbon dioxide  (n. 二氧化碳)

emission      (n. 排放)

radically       (adv. 根本上的;彻底的)

 

【句子翻译】尽管人们的直觉认为，需要采取一些极端的措施来解决这个高花费的问题，但经济分析清楚地表明，大幅削减二氧化碳排放比为适应气温升高而付出的代价要高得多。

 

 

【翻译练习】

中翻英：

1.      如果我们想要在未来能做出非常好的抉择，那我们必须研究这些事实。

2.      如何公正高效得分配医疗资源并不是一个新问题。

 

英翻中：It is also accepted that this right generates an obligation or duty for the state to ensure that adequate health-care resources are provided out of the public purse.

 

 

 

 

Day2

翻译答案：

1.        It is crucial that we look at the facts if we want to make the best possible decisions for the future.  

2.        The problem of how health-care resources should be allocated or apportioned, so that they are distributed in the most just and efficient way, is not a new one.

 

 

长难句：His approach to the problems that had worried writers throughout the late seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries was intensely practical.

 

【句子主干】His approach to the problem … was intensely practical.

 

【结构分析】“that had worried writers throughout the late seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries”为定语从句，做the problems的定语，关系词为that。

【重点词汇】

approach (n. 方法)

intensely (adv. 剧烈的)

practical (adj. 实际的)

 

【句子翻译】他的能解决17世纪末到18世纪一直困扰作家的问题的方法非常实用。

 

 

 

【翻译练习】

中翻英：

1.      因此，西方社会已经认识到，提供化石燃料能源的资源是有限的，可消耗光的。

2.       但也这是一项非常艰难的任务，使我们了解这些东西对人类的意义。

 

英翻中：A biomechanic films an athlete in action and then digitizes her performance, recording the motion of every joint and limb in three dimensions. 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Day3

翻译答案：

1. Thus, there emerged an awareness in Western societies that resources for the provision of fossil fuel energy were finite and exhaustible.

2. But it is also the painstaking task of interpretation, so that we come to understand what these things mean for the human story. 

 

 

长难句: The best estimates are that the temperatures will rise by 2-3℃ in this century, causing considerable problems, at a total cost of US $5,000 billion.

 

【句子主干】The best estimates are that …

 

【结构分析】“that the temperatures will rise by 2-3℃ in this century, causing considerable problems, at a total cost of US $5,000billion.”为that引导的表语从句，做are的表语; “causing considerable problems”为现在分词短语做伴随状语。

 

【重点词汇】

estimate （n. 估计）

considerable （adj. 相当大的）

 

 

【句子翻译】非常好的估计是，本世纪气温将上升2 – 3度，造成相当大的问题，耗费5000亿美元。

 

【翻译练习】

中翻英：

1.还在初级阶段的时候，福利改革在很多国家都成功了-至少它使许多人摆脱了对福利的依靠。

2. 这些广告被放置在面向家庭的与自然和美国相关的电视节目里，以便最有效的接触目标观众。。

 

英翻中：

What is new is that, from the 1950s onwards, there have been certain general changes in outlook about the finitude of resources as a whole and of health-care resources in particular.

 

 

 

 

 

 

Day4

翻译答案：

1. While still in its early stages, welfare reform has already been judged a great success in many states at least getting people off welfare.

2. These ads were strategically placed among family-oriented TV shows and programs involving nature and American in order to most effectively reach target audience.

 

 

 

长难句: Looking back, it now seems quite incredible that in the national health systems that emerged in many countries in the years immediately after the 1939-45 World War, it was assumed without question that all the basic health needs of any community could be satisfied.

 

【句子主干】it now seems quite incredible that …

 

【结构分析】本句为分号连接的两个分句，个分句较长，其主句为“it now seems quite incredible that…”其中it为形式主语，that引导主语从句;“that emerged in many countries in the years immediately after the 1939-45 World War”为定语从句，作national health system的定语，关系词为that;在that引导的主语从句中，“that all the basic health needs of any community could be satisfied, at least in principle”为that引导的主语从句，it做形式主语。第二个分句为简单句。

 

【重点词汇】

incredible (adj. 惊人的；难以置信的)

emerge (v. 出现)

 

【句子翻译】现在看来相当令人难以置信的是，在1939 - 1945年的世界大战之后，在许多国家出现的国家卫生系统中，大家认为在任何一个社区他们的基础医疗需求都能被满足。

 

 

【翻译练习】

中翻英：

1. 同时大家认为，这种权利为国家产生一项义务或义务，以从公共财政中提供足够的保健资源。

2. 当医疗资源供不应求的情况变成显而易见的时候，人们要求国家满足他们的基本医疗需求。

 

英翻中：Although the language of ‘rights’ sometimes leads to confusion, by the late 1970s it was recognized in most societies that people have a right to health-care( though there has been considerable resistance in the United States to the idea that there is a formal right to health-care).

 

 

 

Day5

翻译答案：

1. It is also accepted that this right generates an obligation or duty for the state to ensure that adequate health-care resources are provided out of the public purse.

2. Just at the time when it became obvious that health-care resources could not possibly meet the demands being made upon them, people were demanding that their fundamental right to health-care be satisfied by the state.

 

长难句: These methods include strength training that duplicates what they are doing in their running events as well as plyometrics, a technique pioneered in the former Soviet Union.

 

【句子主干】These methods include strength training …

 

【结构分析】“that duplicates what they are doing in their running events as well as plyometrics”为定语从句，做“strength training”的定语，关系词为that;“what they are doing in their running events as well as plyometrics”为宾语从句，由what引导;“a technique pioneered in the former Soviet Union”为plyometrics的同位语。

 

【重点词汇】

duplicate （v. 复制）

plyometrics  （n. 增强式训练 ）

pioneer  (v. 开拓)

 

【句子翻译】这些方法包括模拟他们跑步活动及plyometrics(前苏联领先的一项技术)的力量训练。

 

 

【翻译练习】

中翻英：

1. 物理人类学，也叫生物人类学，研究的是人类的生理特征及它们是如何进化的。

 

2. 遗产研究早就了一个发展中的领域，它使大家意识到世界的文化遗产是一种日益减少的资源。

 

 

英翻中：Whereas cultural anthropologists will often base their conclusions on the experience of living within contemporary communities, archaeologists study past societies primarily through their material remains—the buildings, tools, and other artifacts that constitute what is known as the material culture left over from former societies. 

 

 

 

翻译答案：

1.      Physical anthropology, or biological anthropology as it is also called, concerns the study of human biological or physical characteristics and how they evolved.

2.      Heritage studies constitute a developing field, where it is realized that the world's cultural heritage is a diminishing resource.